进口投入品与中国企业的就业变动

The Impact of Imported Inputs on Firm Employment Dynamics

基于中国微观工业企业数据,本文分析了中国企业参与进口贸易的基本情况,并实证分析了进口投入品对中国企业就业变动的影响。研究发现:与非贸易企业、纯出口企业和纯进口企业相比,有出口行为的进口企业的就业规模最大、就业增长最快、就业创造最多、就业破坏最少,就业增长稳定性也最好;进口强度、进口产品种类、来自低收入国家进口、资本品进口、异质产品进口对企业就业有显著正向影响;相对于一般贸易方式进口,加工贸易方式进口对企业就业增长效果更为显著;进口投入品仅对有出口行为的进口企业的就业增长影响显著,而对纯进口企业没有显著影响。今后,对我国扩大进口贸易的相关政策应该进行进一步的战略性细化,针对不同类型的商品进口、从不同国家和地区的进口制定有差异的政策,并高度重视有出口行为的进口企业在就业方面的贡献。

This paper uses the panel data of industrial firms to estimate the impact of imported inputs on firm employment dynamics in China. Results show that,compared with non-traders,pure-exporters and pureimporters,the importers with export business have the largest employment scale,the highest employment growth rate,the most employment creation,the least employment damage as well as the best stability of employment growth; importers with higher share of imported inputs,more imported inputs＇ varieties,sourcing from lower per-capita income countries,more capital and different inputs experience higher level employment growth; the employment growth effect of processing trade is more significant than the general trade; the conclusion is only applicable to the sample of the importers with export business. In the future,China should implement refined differentiated import trade policies,and put a high value on employment growth effect of the importers with export business.