中国乡村干部的公共服务动机:定量测度与影响因素

Public Service Motivation of Village Cadres in China:Quantitative Measure and Influence Factors

公共服务动机是解释公共部门雇员行为的理论基础,受到了政府部门与公共管理学界的广泛关注,但国内外相关研究主要以官僚组织中的公务员为研究对象,鲜有文献针对我国基层自治中乡村干部的公共服务动机进行讨论。乡村干部的公共服务动机对于提升乡村公共领导力、实现良好的乡村治理绩效扮演着关键角色。本文基于James Perry的公共服务动机量表开发适用中国本土的问卷,选取东、中、西部各一个县,针对所有行政村村主任和村支书开展公共服务动机的问卷调查,并结合定性访谈资料,定量测度其公共服务动机并探究其影响因素。结果表明,中国乡村干部的公共服务动机在年龄、性别、学历等人口统计学变量上并没有显著差异,但在地区经济发展水平、工资收入认知和工作满意度等变量上存在显著差异和因果关系。本文的研究结论有助于丰富公共服务动机理论在中国适用性的认识,并且为转型期乡村治理中如何促进乡村干部公共服务动机、提升乡村公共领导力水平,从而推动我国乡村振兴具有重要的参考价值。

Public service motivation is the theoretical basis to explain the behavior of public sector employees, and has attracted much attention from decision-making sectors and the scholars. However, the domestic and foreign related researches mainly take the civil servants in the bureaucratic organization as the research object, few literatures discuss the public service motive(PSM) of the village cadres in the autonomous grass-roots organizations. In fact, the village cadres' PSM plays a key role in promoting rural public leadership and achieving good performance in the rural governance of China. This paper developed a questionnaire which is applicable for Chinese context based on the PSM scale developed by James Perry, and selected three counties from eastern, central and western China respectively to carry out questionnaire survey of PSM for all the village cadres, and made a quantitative measure and qualitative analysis to explore the influencing factors. The results show that there isno significant difference in the demographic variables such as age, gender, educational level and so on, but there aresignificant differences in regional economic development level,wage income perception and job satisfaction and causal relationship related to PSM. The conclusion of this paper is helpful to enrich the research results of the theory of PSM, and has important revelation value for how to strengthen the PSM construction of village cadres and realize the endogenous supply of rural public leadership during the period of transitional rural governance.