西方对外援助机构的比较与借鉴——改革中国的对外援助模式

Learning from an International Comparison of Western Foreign Aid Institutions: Reforming the Foreign Aid Model of China

我国的对外援助规模近年来随着经济实力的增强而不断扩大,从“受援国”到“援助国”的角色转变为我国进一步参与全球治理、承担更多国际责任提供了机遇和挑战。文章从国际经验借鉴的角度出发,采用“使命定位—运行模式—治理结构”（MOG）这一分析公共组织的系统框架作为比较对外援助机构的分析框架,在OECD-DAC援助体系下选择挪威、加拿大、美国、日本和英国为代表,分别从使命定位、运行模式、机构设置、立法与协调机制、监督与评估等比较分析并得出对我国援外体系改革的启示。我国应采取的措施是：制定对外援助的国家战略,进行全局性部署;构建中国对外援助的法制化体系,提高对外援助机构的行政级别,给予其更大的机构自主性;明确部际间的职能划分和协调,加快建立援外监督评估体系等有助于将中国发展的经验与其他发展中国家分享,取得援助有效性的最大化,最终实现援外战略布局。

The Guidelines for the Reform of Foreign Aid Work have been endorsed at the Central Leading Group for Further Re- form in early 2017. Particular priority was placed on ＂optimizing strategic deployment, improving financial source and project management, and reforming the foreign aid system and mechanism so as to enhance the comprehensive effect of foreign aid＂. In recent years, the rapid growth of Chinese foreign aid has provided both opportunities and challenges for China to become more in- volved in global governance. Within the conceptual framework of Mission - Operations - Governance （ MOG）, the study takes Norway, Canada, the US, Japan and the UK for an example, aiming to compare four institutional models in terms of their mis- sions, operation models, legislation, coordination and evaluation mechanisms to analyze the implications of China＇s foreign aid re- form. Drawing upon the lessons of the institutional structural evolution of traditional donor countries, formulating a globally na- tional strategy, constructing a legal framework, advancing the autonomous administration level of aid departments, and strengthe- ning the coordination and evaluation mechanisms can all make it possible for China to share its experience with other developing countries to maximize foreign aid effectiveness, as well as to achieve the international strategic deployment.