论中国扶贫制度的创新之路

On Innovating Chinese Poverty Alleviation System

改革开放以来,中国一直致力于减少和消灭贫困人口,目前扶贫对象更加具体,扶贫内容更加全面,扶贫方式更加丰富,这种精准扶贫是中国扶贫制度创新的结果,也是中国脱贫攻坚克难的必然选择。但是,精准扶贫在实践过程中仍面临一些问题,如扶贫标准与贫困标准不一致,自上而下确定贫困人口和规模,熟人社会影响对扶贫对象的识别;自上而下选派驻村干部以及驻村干部的激励机制不足等。为了在2020年全面建成小康社会,中国扶贫制度仍须继续创新,完善制度,克服熟人社会对扶贫对象识别的影响,制定客观合理的扶贫标准,建立科学合理的激励机制,稳定驻村干部,以便在最后的冲刺阶段圆满地完成"十三五"规划的脱贫任务。

Since the Reform and Opening-up in 1978,Chinese government has made efforts on poverty reduction and elimination all around the country,and achievements are remarkable. This article tries to analyze how to innovate Chinese poverty alleviation system in the coming future from several aspects,including objects,source of funds,measures,and system management. An accurate-targeted mechanism of poverty alleviation in the current stage is a result of innovation and also an inevitable tendency of poverty reduction.However,there remain some obstacles in the implementation of this mechanism,such as inconsistency of poverty line and poverty alleviation line,a downward mechanism on determination of poverty population and poverty alleviation scale,and the influence of acquaintance society on object recognition. Besides,in terms of the execution of the policy,a downward mechanism on a selection of village cadres（the ultimate executor of the policy） and deficiencies on an incentive mechanism affect the efficiency of the operation. Therefore,to fulfill the target in poverty alleviation in a final spurt of the 13 th Five-Year Plan,further innovations and refinements are required in overcoming the influence of acquaintance society on object recognition,formulating objective and reasonable standard,building up appropriate and effective incentive mechanism,and stabilizing village cadres＇ group.