“汉江”奇迹与“马来”困局--基于演化发展经济学视角的比较

The Han Kang Miracle and the Malaysia Dilemma: Based on the Evolutionary Development Economics Perspective

20世纪60年代前后,韩国与马来西亚相继开启工业化与现代化历程,但两国发展绩效迥然不同。韩国于20世纪80年代末成功跳跃中等收入阶段,进入发达国家行列,而马来西亚则长达50年陷入"中等收入陷阱"。文章基于演化发展经济学的角度,从产业活动选择,产业与贸易结构以及政府干预产业的方式与程度方面对两国进行了多维度的比较。研究表明,产业活动选择的偏差、扶持手段的差异、制造业的"质"量以及外资政策等系列因素,是造成两国发展绩效差异的主要原因,这一结论对中国如何跨越中等收入陷阱具有一定启发意义。

Around the 1960 s,South Korea and Malaysia have started their own industrialization and modernization progress in succession,but the development performance is extremely different between the two countries,South Korea successfully leaped the middle-income stage in the late 1980 s and become a new developed country,while Malaysia has been in the so-called"middle-income trap". Based on the perspective of evolutionary development economics,this paper makes a multi-dimensional comparison between two countries about industrial activity selection,industry and trade structure and the degree of government intervention in industries. This paper argues that the industry selection bias,the differences of the government supporting policy,the manufacturing's"quality",the foreign policy and other series factors are the main cause of the development performance differences between the two countries and that conclusion has an explicit inspiration for China to cross the middle income trap