步行性评价的研究与规划应用综述

General Review of the Studies of Walkability Assessment and its Applications in Planning

步行性是一种测度,用来描述街道、社区或城市适宜步行的程度,在城市规划、城市交通、公共健康领域有着广泛的应用。论文首先总结了步行性的定义以及步行性对环境、经济、社会、健康的价值。进而阐述了步行性评价从关注交通特征向环境质量和行人感受转变的研究历程,将步行性评价工具分为基于人工调查的评价工具、基于地图数据的评价工具、基于众包的评价工具等三类分别进行综述。接着结合案例介绍了步行性评价在城市对比、现状调研、方案生成、方案评估等城市规划中的实践应用。最后归纳了三类步行性评价工具的特点,提出了在国内开展步行性评价的研究和规划应用的建议。

Walkability is a measure to describe the extent of walking suitability of a street, community or city and it is widely used in the fields of urban planning, urban transportation, public health et al. Firstly, this paper summarizes the definition of walkability and its value to environment, economy, society and health. Secondly, it sets forth the shift of the research focus of walkability assessment from traffic features to environment quality and pedestrian feelings and divides the walkability assessment tools into three categories, namely, the investigation-based assessment tools, the map data-based evaluation tools and the crowd-sourcing-based assessment tools, which are reviewed respectively. Thirdly, it introduces the applications of walkability assessment on the urban planning （e.g. city comparison, status quo investigation, plan generation and plan evaluation） based on case studies. Lastly, it summarizes the characteristics of the three categories of walkability assessment tools and make proposals to carry out domestic research of walkability assessment and apply it in planning.