家支认同对彝族大学生幸福感的影响:民族认同的调节作用

The Influence of JIAZHI Identity on Yi People's Well-Being: The Regulatory Role of Ethnic Identity

家支作为彝族特有的内群体,使得彝族具有中华民族、彝族和家支三层群体结构。关于彝族家支的研究先前主要通过访谈法、田野考察法、文献法等进行,缺乏对家支的量化研究。本研究基于心理学的社会认同理论,将家支作为一个独特的内群体结构进行量化研究,考察彝族家支认同对幸福感的影响。研究一修订了彝族家支认同问卷,结果显示该问卷具有较高的信效度。研究二发现,彝族的民族认同,家支认同和幸福感三者之间存在显著的相关,进一步分析发现彝族的民族认同在彝族家支认同和幸福感之间存在调节作用,民族认同水平越高,家支认同对幸福感有着更强的预测,影响也更大。彝族家支认同对于幸福感有显著的正向预测。

The Yi people are deeply affected by the Jiazhi group. Compared with the Han people who have a two-tier group structure of the Chinese identity and the Hun ethnic identity, the Yi people have a three-tier group structure consisting of the Chinese identity, the Yi ethnic identity and the Jiazhi identity. Previous studies found that the Yi people have a high sense of yjr Chinese national identity and of the ethnic identity. Whether the Yi people＇s unique Jiazhi identity is also at a high level, and whether it has a positive impact on their well-being are still not fully revealed. At present, the research on Jiazhi of the Yi people is conducted mainly with the interview approach, field investigation approach and literature approach, while quantitative research is lacking. Therefore, we introduce the social identity theory of psychology to study the Jiazhi structure, and we also revise the Jiazhi identity scale of the Yi people according to the internal group identity scale in order to further explore the relationships between the national identity and the Jiazhi identity, and to find out how it impacts the Yi people＇s well-being. In study 1, according to the Colin Wayne Leach ingroup identity scale, we revised the Jiazhi identity scale, and used it to measure the Yi people＇s Jiazhi identity level. We found that the questionnaire had a good degree of reliability and validity. In study 2, we found that, firstly, the Yi people＇s Jiazhi identity had an important impact in their daily life. The Yi people have a higher Jiazhi identity （M=4.79, SD=1.16）. Secondly, we found that the Yi people had a higher ethnic identity （M=4.00, SD--0.51） and the Chinese nationality identity （M=3.98, SD=0.53） which was similar to the previous results. Thirdly, we found that the Yi people were agreed with their own ethnic culture （M--4.30, SD=0.616） and had a strong sense of belonging （M=4.47, SD=0.47） in their daily life. We also found that the well-being of the Yi people was in the middle upper level （M=3.29, SD=0.55） which was similar to the previous results. More specifically, the most satisfactory item in terms of well-being was the satisfaction with health （M=3.80, SD=0.87） and the relatively lowest satisfactory item was the satisfaction with economy. Finally, we found that the ethnic identity of the Yi people had a regulatory role in well-being and Jiazhi identity. The Yi people＇s Jiazhi identity supported the sense of well-being, and had a significantly positive prediction on it. More specifically, a higher ethnic identity indicates that the Jiazhi identity has a stronger prediction of the Yi people＇s well-being.