基于合作学习培养大学生责任感

Fostering Social Responsibility for College Students from the Perspective of Cooperative Learning

培养大学生的社会责任感,是高校素质教育的重要目标之一。针对高等教育中学术活动与责任感培养脱节,"美国学院与大学协会"提出大学责任感教育五项目标:学会追求卓越,学会个人和学术诚信,学会为更大范围的社会做贡献,学会认真对待他人的观点,学会伦理道德的推理和探讨。当前大学生合作学习中责任感教育的主要内容是:学术卓越追求、人际关系承诺、为团队承担"额外"责任、对他人的包容、道德推理和贡献认定。合作学习对责任感养成的制约有教师方面的因素也有学生方面的因素。为了在大学生合作学习中加强责任感教育,大学教师应做好:为学生树立负责任的榜样;帮助学生建立目标意识;明确向学生表明,他们的个人行动和选择将影响别人的行动和选择;在寻求解决问题的方案时,尽量运用启发式提问而不是下达指令;鼓励学生运用"无认知"思维;认可、表彰那些勇于迎接挑战、承担责任的小组成员。

Fostering social responsibility for college students is an important aim of quality education in university.This paper puts forward the five specific aims of education of personal and social responsibility articulated by the Association of American College and University(AAC&U),namely,striving for excellence,cultivating academic integrity,contributing to a larger community,taking seriously of the perspectives of other,and competence in ethical and moral reasoning.The paper illustrates the disconnection between academic activities and responsibility nurture on campus and explores the multiple roles,and influences and constrains of the cooperative learning in promoting students' personal and social responsibility development.Some proposals are also raised for college faculty to better integrate the ideas of responsibility into their cooperative teaching practices.