美国黑人获得基本公民权司法阻碍的历史渊源——以重建时期最高法院的态度为观察视角

Historical Origin of Hindrance in the Process to Gain Basic Civic Right of the American Black——From the Perspective of the Attitude of the Supreme Court inReconstruction Period

重建是关乎美国黑人获得基本公民权的一个关键时期,但最高法院的摇摆态度和对南方种族隔离的默许与肯定,使得黑人争取权利的路程更为艰难与漫长。文章以重建时期最高法院的态度为观察视角,透过其对涉及军事管制、《宪法》第14和15条修正案、黑人选举与陪审权及种族隔离等一系列司法案件的审理与判决,揭示出其所持有的政治立场及形成原由,并最终揭示出美国历史上阻碍黑人获得基本公民权的司法渊源。

Reconstruction is key to the acquisition of basic civic right of the American black, but the indefinite attitude of the Supreme Court and the acquiescence and confirmation of the apartheid in the south made the way of getting right long and hard. This article takes the attitude of the Supreme Court as an example and through the hearing the case and sentence of it regarding military control, the Amendment of Article 14 and 15 of the Constitution, election of the black, right as the jury and the apartheid, it shows the judicial origin of the hindrance in the process to gain basic civic right of the American Black as well as the political position and reason for the formation.