中英《新订烟台条约续增专条》签订始末暨重庆开埠再考

The Process of Signing “the New Chefoo Treaty with Special Provisions ” and Opening Chungking as a Trading Port

英国早在1876年《烟台条约》谈判之际,就向清廷提出过开放重庆为通商口岸的要求而未得偿所愿,双方协商的结果是等到轮船能够上驶川江时再行议办。由此,英商立德乐自制轮船于1887年提出试航川江的请求,受多方因素制约,在次年2月驾驶轮船到达宜昌后不久,其试航计划被紧急叫停,此案遂搁置。1888年底,中英两国开启正式交涉,前期"宜昌谈判"因川督竭力抵制使英方企图毫未得逞,后期"北京·伦敦谈判"随着赫德介入调解而逐渐达成共识,双方于1890年3月31日签订《新订烟台条约续增专条》,规定重庆开放且轮船不能上驶川江。中英两国订约之后又历经周折才于1891年1月18日完成换约,重庆则伴随着同年3月1日海关开关而正式开埠。

On 1876, the British government put forward the requirement to open Chungking as a trading port but failed. The two sides agree to put on the agenda until the ship was able to sail across the upstream of Yangtze river. Thus, in 1887 Mr.Little put forward a request to try his self-made ship across the upstream of Yangtze river. However, the ship was asked to stop shortly after arriving in Ichang in next February, the trial plan was on suspense. By the end of 1888, there was a formal negotiation between the UK and China. During＂Ichang negotiations＂, the British governors ＇attempt did not succeed for Sichuan governors resist it strongly, while they gradually reached a consensus in＂Beijing and London talks＂ because of Hearder＇s involvement and mediation. In March 31, 1890,the two sides signed ＂the new Chefoo Treaty with special provisions＂ in which Chungking was asked to open and the ship couldn＇t sail into the upstream of Yangtze river. The treaty was exchanged in January 18, 1891. On March 1 st, Chungking was opened formally with the customs opening.