基于Ecopath模型的胶州湾生态系统结构和能量流动分析

Analysis of structure and energy flow in Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem based on Ecopath model

根据2015—2016年在胶州湾进行的渔业资源与生态环境调查数据,利用Ecopath with Ecosim 6.5(Ew E)软件构建了胶州湾生态通道模型,分析了现阶段该海湾生态系统营养结构、能量流动过程和生态系统总特征。结果表明:胶州湾生态通道模型共由21个功能组组成,各功能组营养级范围为1~4.383,渔获物平均营养级为2.023,以菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)为主;胶州湾生态系统的能量流动主要以牧食食物链为主,占系统能量来源的59%。生态网络分析表明:系统能量主要分布在6个营养级,来源于初级生产者的能量转化效率为16.22%,来自碎屑的转化效率为15.76%,系统平均转化效率16.35%。胶州湾生态系统总初级生产力与总呼吸量的比值为2.518,系统处于不成熟状态。

Based on the survey data of fishery resources and ecological environment in the Jiaozhou Bay during 2015-2016, we developed a mass-balance model using Ecopath with Eeosim software for the Jiaozhou Bay. Using the Ecopath model, we evaluated the trophic structure, energy flow and ecosystem characters of the Jiaozhou Bay. The Jiaozhou Bay model consisted of 21 functional groups, and the fractional trophic levels ranged from 1 to 4.383. The mean trophic level of fishery catches in the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem was 2.023, dominated by Manila Clam （ Ruditapes philippinarum）. The energy flow of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem was mainly dominated by grazing food chain, which accounted for 59% of the energy source. Using network analysis, the system network was mapped into a linear food chain and six discrete trophic levels were found with a mean transfer efficiency of 16.35%, 16.22% from primary producer and 15.76% from detritus within the ecosystem. In addition, the ratio of total primary production/total respiration （TPP/TR） was 2.518, suggesting that the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem was in an immature state.