基于粒度反推法和GIS空间分析的景观格局优化

Landscape pattern optimization based on granularity inverse method and GIS spatial analysis

景观格局优化是构建生态网络的有效途径,能显著提升区域生态安全。以海口美兰区为研究区,利用粒度反推法和主成分分析从增强整体连通性的角度实现了生态源地的客观选取,并结合最小累积阻力模型构建了生态网络,采用空间网络分析和水文分析重点探讨了生态节点规模、形状和组成形式的计算。结果表明:550 m粒度的生态景观组分结构是选取美兰区生态源地的合适参考,美兰区有生态源地38个,需对23个斑块进行景观类型转换,生态源地在规模和布局上存在差异,主要受人为干扰的影响。显性和隐性生态阻力面的差异显示出美兰区有5个生态脆弱局部,应根据不同的成因采取相应的措施进行生态建设,其中预留生态用地至关重要。美兰区有生态廊道90条,生态节点89个,与生态源地结合构成了生态网络,增强了生态系统的整体连通性。生态节点形成区域79个,总面积729.15 hm2,其中10个区域可建设为水域,69个区域可建设为林地,这为当地生态节点的建设提出了具体方案。

Landscape pattern optimization is an effective way to build ecological networks, which can substantially improve the regional ecological security. This study, with Meilan district in Haikou City as the research area, objectively selected the ecological sources by the way of granu- larity inverse method and principal components analysis from the point of increasing the overall connectivity. The ecological network was built by combining the minimal cumulative resistance model. Through the spatial network analysis and hydrological analysis, this paper mainly discussed how to determine the scale, shape, and form of the ecological nodes. It＇ s an appropriate reference for the selection of ecological sources in Meilan district when the ecological landscape component granularity is 550 m. There were 38 ecological sources in Meilan district. The land- scape types of 23 plaques needed to be converted. The scale and layout of ecological sources were different due to the anthropogenic influences. The difference between dominant and recessive ecological resistance indicated that there were five ecological frangible parts in Meilan district. The causing factors for such differences should be given full consideration when adaptive management strategies being taken during the construction of ecological networks. The most crucial one was to reserve ecological lands. The ecological network of Meilan district was made of 90 ecological corridors and 89 ecological nodes. Together with ecological sources, they improved the connectivity of ecosystem. Ecological nodes formed 79 ecological regions with a total area of 729.15 hm2. within which 10 regions should be turned into aquatic systems and 69 regions into forests. We put forward a specific scheme for improve the practical significance of landscape the construction of ecological nodes, which may pattern optimization.