活体器官移植伦理审查的特点及问题研究

Research on Characteristics and Problems of Ethical Review of Living Organ Transplantation

目的系统、全面地阐述人体器官移植伦理委员会在活体器官移植伦理审查工作中的特点和问题。方法以知情人士访谈、文献研究为主要研究方法,辅以小组讨论等方法。结果活体器官移植的伦理审查具有及时性要求高、需要保护供受双方生命健康权、准备工作烦琐、需同时权衡两方风险利益比和不具有终审性的特点。而就活体器官移植伦理审查存在的问题而言,主要有活体器官移植伦理审查缺乏监管和指导、伦理审查方式的可行性、科学性有待提高、人体器官移植伦理委员会自身建设不足。结论人体器官移植伦理委员会伦理审查应遵循审慎原则,提高人体器官移植伦理审查的标准化和规范化,区域性的人体器官移植伦理审查中心更好地开展活体器官移植的伦理审查工作。

Objective： To systematically and comprehensively expound the features and problems of ethics com- mittee for human organ transplantation in the ethical review work of living organ transplantation. Methods： We took interviews with insiders, literature research as the main research methods, supplemented by group discussion and other methods. Results：The ethical review of living organ transplantation has the characteristics of high require- ments of promptness, the need of protection for the rights of life and health for both parties, the complicated prepara- tion work, the need of weighing the risk and benefit of both parties at the same time and the lack of final judgment. In terms of the problems existing in the ethical review of living organ transplantation, it mainly had that the ethical review of living organ transplantation lacked supervision and guidance, the feasibility and scientificity of ethical re- view mode need to be improved, and the self - construction of ethics committee for human organ transplantation was insufficient. Conclusion ：The ethics review of human organ transplant ethics committee should follow the principle of prudence, and improve the standardization and normalization of ethical review of human organ transplantation. Re- gional human organ transplant ethical review center should better conduct the ethical review work of living organ transplantation.