上海浦东周浦医院儿科门诊患儿肺炎支原体感染流行特点及其与PM2.5的关系

Prevalence of mycoplasma pneumonia in pediatric outpatient department of Shanghai Pudong New District Zhoupu Hospital and its relationship with PM2.5

目的探讨上海浦东新区周浦医院儿科门诊患儿肺炎支原体(MP)感染流行特点及与大气中直径小于2.5微米的可入肺颗粒物(PM 2.5)浓度的关系。方法纳入2016年5月到2017年4月在上海浦东新区周浦医院儿科门诊确诊为呼吸道感染的1月~15岁患儿。运用胶体金法检测患儿血清肺炎支原体抗体,阴性者1周后复测;同时搜集同期PM 2.5指数。采用SAS 9.1.3软件进行统计分析。结果共纳入3 862例患儿,其中MP抗体阳性947人,阳性率24.52%;各年龄段阳性率分别为:1月~1岁组10.02%,1岁~4岁组23.51%,4岁~7岁组31.70%,7岁~15岁组22.81%,且各年龄段差异有统计学意义(χ~2=86.120 0,P<0.000 1);春、夏、秋、冬各季节阳性率分别为25.06%、20.43%、19.52%和33.61%,不同季节差异有统计学意义(χ~2=67.1446,P<0.000 1)。结合2016年5月到2017年4月上海浦东地区PM 2.5指数发现,PM 2.5和MP抗体阳性率呈正相关(r=0.900 7,P<0.001)。结论上海浦东地区MP阳性检出率为24.52%;学龄前期儿童MP抗体阳性率和冬季阳性率最高,且MP抗体阳性率与PM 2.5指数呈正相关。

Objectives To investigate the prevalence of mycoplasma pneumonia （MP） in the pediatric outpatient department of Shanghai Pudong New District Zhoupu Hospital and its relationship with the concentration of fine particulate matter （PM 2.5） in the air. Methods Patients with respiratory tract infection, from one month to 15 years old, diagnosed in the pediatric department of Shanghai Pudong New District Zhoupu Hospital from May 2016 to April 2017 were enrolled. Mycoplasma pneumonia antibody was detected by colloidal gold assay, and mycoplasma antibody was detected after 1 week of negative test. PM 2.5 index of the same period was also collected. SAS 9.1.3 software was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 3 862 children were enrolled, of which 947 were positive for MP, with a positive rate of 24.52%. The positive rates of each age group were 10.02% for the one month to one year old group, 23.51% for the 1 to 4 years old group, 31.70% for the 4 to 7 years old group, and 22.81% for the 7 to 15 years old group. The positive rate of each age group had statistically significant difference （X2=86.120 0, P〈0.000 1）. The positive rates of spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 25.06%, 20.43%, 19.52 and 33.61%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant （X2=67.1446, P〈0,000 1）. Combining the PM 2.5 index in Shanghai Pudong area from May 2016 to April 2017, the positive correlation between PM 2.5 and positive rate of MP was found （r=0.9007, P〈0.001）. Conclusions The positive rate of MP in Shanghai Pudong area is 24.52%, and reach its highest level in the preschool children and in winter. It is positively correlated with the PM 2.5 index as well.