氮杂螺环酸毒素的生态分布、蓄积代谢与检测技术监控研究进展

Research development on azaspiracids ecological distribution,edible safety risks,monitoring and detection methods

中国是世界上赤潮灾害发生最严重的国家之一。近年来,与赤潮伴生的贝类毒素污染事件多发,给中国的近海生态、消费者的食用安全构成了威胁。其中氮杂螺环酸毒素(azaspiracids,AZAs)即为在中国海域最新发现的毒性强、残留高且代谢慢的一类脂溶性贝类毒素。研究发现,AZAs产毒藻广泛分布于中国近海,该毒素在双壳贝类中也多次被检出,已成为贝类质量安全的又一重要隐患。文章综述了AZAs的理化性质以及其毒性机理,现有的中国监控手段,并对生物检测法和液相色谱检测法等常用的检测方法以及全球化分布趋势进行综合性评价,以期为相关风险评估研究提供参考。

China is one of the countries suffering from the worst red tide contamination around the globe. Recently,the shellfish toxin contamination associating with the red tide significantly has deteriorated with increasing frequencies and covering more areas,which thus caused an increasing threat to coastal ecosystem and the health and safety on human beings. Azaspiracids( AZAs),a novel lipid soluble shellfish toxin detected in the region of Chinese coast have been demonstrated to have higher toxicity,stronger accumulation ability and slower detoxification rate. We found that the AZAs-producing microalgae was distributed widely in Chinese coast and has been detectable by many testings in bivalves. Consequently,it becomes a great hazard to shellfish's quality. This paper comprehensively reviews and assesses AZAs' toxicity including its physicochemical properties,mechanism of accumulation and metabolism,Chinese monitoring methods and biological and liquid chromatography detection methods,and global distribution trend on AZAs to present a scientific reference for risk assessment studies on AZAs.