北京市公园中兼顾水鸟栖息地恢复的湿地景观设计

Wetlands’ Landscape Design Giving Consideration to Waterfowl Habitat Restoration in Urban Parks, Beijing

在有湿地的城市公园中营建水鸟栖息地,对维持鸟类多样性具有重要意义,营建适宜的水鸟栖息地是城市公园景观设计的重要内容。然而,北京市公园建设过程中,在鸟类栖息地恢复方面存在较大问题。通过分析北京市公园中湿地的特点和公园建设中存在的问题,根据北京市常见的涉禽、游禽的生态习性及其对栖息地的需求,从水域形态和水位控制等水域设计、植物种类选择和群落配置等植物景观设计、驳岸形态和驳岸材料等驳岸设计三方面,探讨了兼顾水鸟栖息地恢复的城市公园中的湿地景观设计的内容和方法。

Waterfowl habitat restoration in the urban park had an important meaning for maintaining the diversity of birds in the wetlands. And the waterfowl habitat should be an indispensable part in the landscape design of the wetlands. However, there were some problems in the restoration for the waterfowl habitat in the construction of urban parks in Beijing. In this study, the characteristics of the wetlands and the problems of urban parks in Beijing were analyzed, based on the ecological habits of the common swimming and wading birds, and their demands for habitats. Then the contents and methods of the landscape design of the wetlands in the urban parks with considering waterfowl habitat restoration were explored, from the design of water including shapes and water level, plant landscape including plant species and plant configuration, revetment including shapes and materials.