2012年洱海地区邓北桥人工湿地和永安江生态护岸植物群落多样性

Plant Community Diversity in Dengbeiqiao Constructed Wetland and Ecological Revetment of Yonganjiang River in Erhai Region in 2012

生物多样性对生态系统功能有重要的影响,选择合理的植物配置可以为维持人工湿地和护岸的稳定运行提供有效的参考。2012年10~11月,以云南省洱海地区邓北桥人工湿地和永安江生态护岸植物群落为研究对象,采用样线法和样带法,计算了植物的重要值,分析植物群落的α多样性和β多样性,揭示两种生态系统内的植物多样性特征,为维持邓北桥人工湿地和永安江生态护岸的稳定运行提供参考。研究结果表明,邓北桥人工湿地和永安江生态护岸的植物群落组成都是以草本植物为主;邓北桥人工湿地中植物群落的优势种为荷花（Nelumbo nucifera）、梭鱼草（Pontederia cordata）、芦苇（Phragmites australis）、风车草（Cyperus alternifolius）,二级表面流湿地中植物群落的Simpson多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最大,氧化塘的最小,一级表面流湿地与氧化塘植物群落之间的相似性系数（0.33）最大;永安江生态护岸植物群落的优势种为芦竹（Arundo donax）、空心莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）。永安江生态护岸与邓北桥人工湿地植物群落多样性指数相近,二者的相似性系数为0.17。

The biological diversity of ecosystem plays an important role on the ecosystem function, so it is important to choose a reasonable plant disposition to provide an effective reference for stable operation of the constructed wetland and revetment. In this study, the important value, u and 13 diversities were analyzed to reveal the characteristics of plant diversity in two ecosystems based on the investigation of plant community diversity in Dengbeiqiao constructed wetland and ecological revetment of Yonganjiang River in Erhai region from October to November in 2012. The results showed that the plant communities in Dengbeiqiao constructed wetland and ecological revetment of Yonganjiang River were dominated by herbaceous plants. As for the Dengbeiqiao constructed wetland, the dominant species in plant communities were Nelumbo nucifera, Pontederia cordata, Phragmites australis and Cyperus alternifolius. The Simpson diversity index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of secondary surface-flow wetland were the highest, while the same indexes of the oxidation pond were the minimum. Similarity coefficient between primary surface-flow wetland and oxidation pond was the highest with the value of 0.33. As for the ecological revetment of Yonganjiang River, the dominant species in plant communities were Arundo donax and Alternanthera philoxeroides. The diversity indexes of Dengbeiqiao constructed wetland and ecological revetment of Yonganjiang River were similar, and the similarity coefficient of two ecosystem was 0.17.