公共服务的“后市场化”道路——以广州环卫服务改革为例

The Post-Marketization Approach of Public Services——Taking the Reform of Environmental Health Services in Guangzhou as an Example

我国公共服务市场化改革遇到复杂制度性障碍的关键是政府与市场关系失衡,主要表现为委托-代理问题导致基层政府改革激励下降,市场层面由于政府管控能力不足、目标不明确导致市场缺陷加剧。政府与市场的互动则由于合同约束力有限使政府对市场依赖过大、控制力弱而处于被动状态,关系治理因此失效。为结合政府和市场的优势,重塑关系治理的有效性,广州市政府收回环卫服务发包,调整政府与市场的关系,进入"后市场化"时代——基层政府更加务实,弥补自身不足来应对市场缺陷,以激励发挥基层政府主动性、以监管规范市场运作、将企业管理模式引入政府内部。这种改革的变化为我国公共服务的市场化改革提出了新的思考。

The key of the complicated institutional obstacle in the market reform of public service in our country is the imbalance between the government and the market.The delegate-agency problem leads to the decline of grass-roots government reform incentives.The interaction between the government and the market is limited due to the limited binding force of the contract.A the government dependents on the market so excessively that the control is weak and passive.Combining the strengths of the government and the market to reshape the effectiveness of the relation governance,the Guangzhou municipal government regained the sanitation service,adjusted the relationship between the government and the market and entered the era of"post-marketization".The grass-roots government is more pragmatic and makes up for its own deficiencies to cope with the market defects and applies the enterprise mode into the government management by encouraging grass-roots government initiatively and regulating the operation of the market.The changes of this reform put forward new thinking for the market-oriented reform of public services in our country.