不同砧穗组合对沂水红富士苹果生长、产量和花芽分化期侧芽激素水平的影响

Effects of Different Interstocks on Growth,Yield and Hormone Content in Lateral Bud at Flower Bud Differentiation Stage of Yishui Red Fuji Apple

以不同砧穗组合的苹果树(沂水红富士/M26、SH6、辽砧2号、青砧2号、M9T337/平邑甜茶)为试材,2015—2017年对树体生长、果实产量品质及花芽分化期侧芽的激素含量进行测定分析。结果表明,在新梢生长动态上,不同砧穗组合虽相似,但SH6树体新梢年生长量始终处在较高水平;在枝类组成上,M9T337树体短枝比例(65.2%)最高,长枝比例(11.1%)最小;在单株产量上,M26较高;各组合果实的平均单果重、果形指数、果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量差异不大;花芽分化期侧芽生长素、赤霉素含量减少,细胞分裂素、脱落酸含量增加,不同砧穗组合间侧芽生长素含量差异较大,ZR/GA3和ZR/IAA比值在整个花芽分化过程中一直较稳定并处于较高水平,辽砧2号组合各激素间的比值均处于较大值。

The Yishui Red Fuji apple tree with different dwarfing interstocks including M26,SH6,Qingzhen 2,Liaozhen 2 and M9T337 were used to investigate the tree growth,fruit yield and quality,and hormone content in lateral buds at flower bud differentiation stage from 2015 to 2017. The results showed that the shoot growth of Yishui Red Fuji trees grafted on SH6 was significantly higher than that on the other four interstocks,although the shoot growth tendency was similar with different interstocks. The ratio of short shoots was the highest( 65. 2%) and the proportion of long branches was the smallest( 11. 1%) when with M9T337 dwarfing interstock. The yield per plant was higher with M26 interstock. There was no significant difference in the average single fruit weight,fruit shape,fruit hardness,the content of soluble solid and titratable acid between the trees with the five different dwarfing interstocks. The endogenous IAA and GA3 decreased,while ZR and ABA contents increased in lateral buds at flower bud differentiation stage. The IAA content was significantly different between the trees with different interstocks. The ratios of ZR to GA3 and ZR to IAA were higher and stable inthe whole bud differentiation process,and those of trees with Liaozhen 2 interstock were higher compared to the other interstocks.