养分专家系统推荐施肥对小麦玉米产量、效益及养分平衡的影响

Effects of Nutrient Expert Recommended Fertilization on Yield,Profit and Nutrient Balance of Maize and Wheat

针对传统推荐施肥方法周期长、成本高及难以适合分散小地块的弊端,本研究利用养分专家系统(Nutrient Expert)在山东省小麦-玉米轮作模式下进行3周年的推荐施肥试验,通过作物产量、收益分析及表观养分平衡计算,综合评价养分专家系统的实际应用效果。试验在143户的小麦-玉米轮作地块进行,设置空白处理(CK,不施肥)、农民习惯施肥处理(FP)、当地官方推荐施肥处理(OPTS)和养分专家系统推荐施肥处理(OPTE),比较不同施肥处理间产量、效益及养分平衡情况。结果表明:与不施肥相比,各施肥处理产量增加明显,玉米增产幅度在15.1%~29.5%,小麦增产幅度在25.6%~37.2%。各施肥处理间产量无显著性差异,但OPTE处理相比FP、OPTS处理养分投入量降低,提高了种植效益,产投比明显高于其余两个处理。养分表观平衡计算结果表明,OPTE处理氮磷钾养分盈余量同其他处理相比最小。综合产量、效益及养分收支平衡各方面,养分专家系统推荐施肥优于传统推荐施肥方法,在小麦玉米生产上能够稳产增收、降低环境污染风险。

The current recommended fertilization methods have the disadvantages such as long period,high cost and not suitable for dispersing small plots. In this study,we conducted 3-year fertilization experiments recommended by the Nutrient Expert system for wheat and maize rotation crop in Pingyuan County,Shandong Province. Based on the analysis of crop yield performance,benefit and apparent nutrient balance calculation,the practical application effect of the Nutrient Expert system was comprehensively evaluated. The experiments were conducted in 143 households' wheat-maize rotation plots,and four treatments were de-signed as no fertilization( CK),traditional fertilization( FP),local official recommended fertilization( OPTS)and Nutrient Expert recommend fertilization( OPTE). The results showed that the yield of each fertilization treatment increased obviously compared to CK,and the yield of maize and wheat increased by 15. 1% ~ 29. 5% and 25. 6% ~ 33. 5% respectively. There was no significant difference in grain yield between different fertilization treatments. Compared with FP and OPTS,the OPTE treatment decreased the nutrient input and improved the planting efficiency,so it had obviously higher ratio of output to input. By nutrient apparent equilibrium calculation,we found that the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium surplus of OPTE treatment was the minimum in all the treatments. In terms of comprehensively considering yield,profit and nutrient balance,the Nutrient Expert system was superior to the traditional recommended fertilization method,and could increase the yield and benefit and reduce the risk of environmental pollution in the production of wheat and maize.