存在主义马克思主义的活水源头——法国黑格尔主义与青年马克思的“再发现”

French Hegelianism and the “Rediscovery” of Young Marx: The Source of Running Water for Existential Marxism

法国人在黑格尔逝世一个世纪之后接受黑格尔,这成了20世纪法国思想史上一个"决定性事件";而法国知识界几乎同时接受和发现黑格尔、青年马克思与存在主义,这是法国存在主义马克思主义得以产生与兴盛一时的"活水源头"。其中科耶夫的"主奴辩证法"、伊波利特的"苦恼意识"以及国内学界罕有人知的阿希洛斯的"关于马克思的提纲"三个经典片断,展示了他们对黑格尔与马克思的存在主义化解读是如何开启了从存在主义马克思主义到后现代主义的思想探险之旅的。

"A decisive event"in French history of thought in the 20th century is that the French accepted Hegel a century after his death.As a result,French intelligentsia almost simultaneously accepted and discovered Hegel,young Marx and Existentialism,which jointly became the source of the running water for the emergence and a moment's flourish of French Existential Marxism.This article selects three classic fragments,namely Alexandre Kojeve's Dialect of the Master and Slave,Jean Hyppolite's Consciousness of Misery and Kostas Axelos's Theses on Marx which is rarely known to the domestic academic circles,to show how these three scholars'Existentialized interpretations to Hegel and Marx started an adventure of thoughts from Existential Marxism toward postmodernism.