基于需求场理论的浙江城市水资源利用强度时空格局及演变

Spatio-temporal dynamics of the utilization intensity of urban water resource based on demand field theory in Zhejiang

基于城市水资源需求场理论,选取2002—2013年浙江省32个城市定量计算了不同类型城市"水(需求)场"强度,绘制"水场"强度等值线图、"水场"强度演化趋势、"水场"方向分布图,并对城市"水场"强度时空演化特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)浙江省城市"水场"强度呈现东北强、西南弱的空间格局,城市规模等级越高,形成"水场"强度越强,对水资源的吸引、对周围一定区域的影响范围和强度越大;随着时间演变,研究区城市"水场"强度呈现增强趋势;(2)产业结构调整和政府引导对城市"水场"强度演化有重要影响;(3)经济是浙江县级市尺度下城市"水场"强度动态变化的重要驱动力,该尺度下城市"水场"强度宏观分布受地形、水系、降水量等自然条件影响,局部中、微观分布受政策、经济、人口等社会因素显著影响;(4)不考虑"水场"各向异性时,综合各类型城市"水场"强度演变能较好地指示城市及其经济、人口发展演变规律。

With rapid development and urbanization in China, the relationship between water resource supply and demand in southeast coastal areas is not optimistic. Here, we focused on the problem of water resources in some urban areas of Zhejiang. Based on the theory of urban water demand field, the quantitative calculation of different types of water（demand） field in 32 cities in Zhejiang Province from 2002 to 2013 was conducted. Here, water demand field intensity contour maps, water demand field intensity trend surfaces and water demand field distribution maps are drawn. Then, spatiotemporal pattern dynamics of the urban water demand field was analyzed. We conclude that the spatiotemporal dynamic of the urban water demand field of Zhejiang showed a pattern of northeast strong and southwest weak. With urban hierarchical structure higher, the water demand field intensity is stronger and its influence on surrounding areas is stronger. Overall, the water demand field intensity for the study area increased within the time window of our study. Industrial structural readjustment and government guidance have an important influence on the urban water field. At the scale of county-level city, the economy is an important driving force of urban water field dynamic changes in Zhejiang.These results show that the urban water field macro-scale distribution is affected by natural conditions such as topographic features, river systems and precipitation. While mesoscales or micro-scales indicate that the urban water field had a significant influence on social factors such as policies, economics and demographics. Without considering anisotropy, the water field can be a good indicator of the evolution law of the city and its economy and population.