昆明市中小学校医(保健教师)队伍现况调查研究

Investigation on the Status of Medical(Health Teachers) Team in Primary and Middle Schools in Kunming City

目的了解昆明市区中小学校医、保健教师队伍的基本现状,为主管部门制定、完善相关管理规定和政策提供决策依据,为有效促进我市开展中小学校卫生工作奠定良好的基础。方法采用问卷调查的方法,对昆明市所属四区八县的240所中小学校医发放问卷进行调查,发放问卷272份,回收有效问卷调查表270份,回收率为99.0%。结果学校校医以女性为主,共247人(91.50%);具有医学职称的有215人(79.6%),中职的有62人(23%),高级职称的有10人(3.7%);昆明市城区在校医的学历、工作年限和职称结构方面优于郊区县(χ~2=5.268、20.126、6.168,P=0.031、0.001、0.021),医务室设置和配置方面城镇优于郊县,其他方面的城乡差距不明显。存在的共性问题:校医队伍准入机制不健全,专业门槛设置低,年龄结构不合理,中间骨干人才缺乏。另外校医职称晋升归口不明,校医队伍存在不稳定因素,中高级职称匮乏。学校普遍存在对校医务室的建设和硬件设施投入力度不够的问题。结论根据昆明市中小学校校医队伍的调查现状,有关部门应加强学校卫生队伍的归口管理,建立健全校医准入资格,制定合理的人事、编制制度,解决好校医队伍的职称归口、待遇等问题,稳定校医队伍,确保学校卫生工作人员的综合素质达标。同时应加大校医务室的建设和硬件投入,顺应学校卫生事业发展的需求。

Objective To understand the basic status of the medical and health care teachers in primary and secondary schools in Kunming city. It provides decision-making basis for the competent departments to formulate and improve relevant management regulations and policies, and lay a good foundation for effectively promoting the health work in primary and secondary schools in our city. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 240 primary and secondary schools in four districts and eight counties of Kunming. Questionnaires were sent out, 272 questionnaires were distributed, and 270 valid questionnaires were collected, with a recovery rate of 99%. Results School doctors gave priority to women, a total of 247 people（91.50%）. There were 215 medical titles（79.6%）, 62（23%） in secondary vocational school and 10（3.7%） for senior professional titles. Kunming city in education, work experience and professional title structure was better than the doctor in the county（χ^2=5.268, 20.126, 6.168, P=0.031, 0.001, 0.021）, Clinic settings and configuration was better than that of suburban towns, other aspects of the gap between urban and rural areas was not obvious. Common problems： the medical team access mechanism was not perfect, professional threshold was low, the age structure was unreasonable, lack of intermediate talents. In addition to medical professional promotion was unknown, there were unstable factors in medical staff, lack of senior titles. There was a general problem of insufficient investment in the construction of the medical school and the hardware facilities of the school. Conclusion According to the present situation of middle and primary schools of Kunming City medical team, the relevant departments should strengthen the centralized management of the school health team, establish and improve the medical qualification of personnel, establish reasonable planning system, solve the medical team title, centralized treatment and other issues, stable medical team to ensure compliance, comprehensive quality of school health personnel. At the same time should be put into construction and hardware colonel clinic, adapt to the development of school health services demand.