油茶林经营模式小规模或大规模之辨——基于江西省宜春市案例分析

Differentiation of Small or Large Scale of Camellia oleifera Forest Management Mode: Based on Case Analysis of Yichun City,Jiangxi Province

面对油茶林大规模经营模式受到推崇而家庭经营模式受忽视的状况,以江西省宜春市为研究范围,基于抽样调查和典型调查的数据,测算不同经营模式的投资回收期和内部收益率,运用典型案例分析不同经营模式的特点和发展趋势。结果表明:油茶林大规模经营不可行,小规模经营才是保障原料供应的关键,建议完善现行补贴政策,结合精准扶贫,引导农户进行集约化经营,以实现油茶产业发展规划目标。

⑴ Background——With the decrease of farmers' dependence on land,the decentralization of business is a worsening trend. Since the reform of collective forest rights in 2003,the forest decentralization has been more serious. And since 2008 the model of large business scale of the Camellia oleifera forest is highly respected by government and most of the researchers,and the state of family business has been neglected.⑵ Methods——From August 2016 to August 2017,we made an investigation on the production and management of 291 enterprises(householders) who planting Camellia oleifera forest in Yichun of Jiangxi Province.With the method of stratified sampling survey and typical survey,we used the typical case to analyze the characteristics and development trends of different operating modes. Based on the survey data we estimated payback period and internal rate of return of the different business models and carried on the comparative analysis.⑶ Results——With the comparison of the cost and income of different business models and the results of the corresponding case analysis,it is difficult to continuously expand the business scale of the Camellia oleifera forest. The results of case analysis are as follows: Family business has low cost and high internal rate of return and is propitious to the precision of poverty alleviation. The business cost of large households is slightly higher than that of the family business,but large households business has the higher internal rate of return which has a good demonstration effect on farmers' business. The operators from local people are less plagued by the problem of theft. However,with the high cost and the low internal rate of return,the companies' business risk is higher than family business and large household business. Families rarely uses herbicides,fertilizers and pesticides,however the large households and the companies use more chemical fertilizers,pesticides and herbicides. Using the calculation results of research cases,in the five business models,the family business has a better advantage in both the investment recovery period or the internal rate of return. Family business and large household business not only account for a high proportion,but also are the primary providers of the raw materials and the foundation of industrial development. After 2008,the demonstration and driving role of company,professional cooperatives and cooperative business will finally be implemented to millions of households.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——With the decentralized of business,the large business scale of the Camellia oleifera forest is not feasible and the small business scale is the key to ensure the supply of the raw material. We suggest improving the existing subsidy policy and offering direct subsidy to farmers with the targeted poverty alleviation to guide farmers to the intensive business. As the origin and producing country of the oil of the Camellia oleifera,China should maintain the traditional characteristics,inherit the experience of traditional ecological planting,and join the small farmers with the association. We should perfect the mechanism of distribution of interests,make different business models cooperate with each other,and combine the strategy of rural revitalization,and build small towns with the oil of the Camellia oleifera industry. The government should offer more social services in order to improve the level of intensive small business scale and boost the development of the Camellia oleifera industry in China.