资源错配视角下林下经济的产出效率分析——基于国有林区森林猪养殖的案例比较

A Study on the Output Rate of Economy Relying on Forest from the Perspective of Resources Misallocation: Based on Case Comparison of Hog Raising in the State-Owned Forest Regions

从资源错配理论的视角出发,以森林猪养殖合作社和家庭养殖厂(企业)的案例为研究材料,采用归纳性案例分析方法比较其效率表现,发现林下经济的发展存在资源错配。合作社凭借其良好的社会关系网络,获取了大量资源,不断进行基地建设,却并不具有打开猪肉销售市场的意识和能力(初始销售能力的存量低),销售乏力下又扩大基地建设(没有提高销售能力的增量),形成了小而全的发展模式,因而产出是低效率的。而家庭养殖厂着力于市场开拓,不断回笼资金,最终走上了以销带产的良性发展之路。上述案例剖析,丰富了对资源错配理论微观过程的认知,发现资源错配的发生具有一定的逻辑起点,资源错配和低效产出存在一定的中间环节,并且二者能够形成负向反馈。因此,提出国有林区在产业转型过程中应发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用,以市场瞄准为先导,带动基地建设,培育具有自生能力的林下经济经营主体。对于经营不善的林下经济经营主体,应精简规模,整合资源,着力培育市场。

⑴ Background——Enhancing the efficiency of resources allocation and forest-based economy is one of the upgraded measures taken after loggings were forbade in state-owned forest region. It will secure the livelihood of employees and a better future for state forests.⑵ Methods——In the view of resources misallocation the study carried out case comparison of the output rate of forest hog raising cooperatives and family factories,which are the successive economic entities and microcosm of state forestry. The two bore similarities initially but turned out different in their output rate,providing conditions for analyzing resources misallocation.⑶ Results——The study suggested the presence of resources misallocation in forest-based economy. The cooperatives are advantaged in their social networks and resources,and are constantly improving their infrastructure; yet they lack market awareness and competence to promote sales. Weak sales and expanded bases result in a compact mode of development,thus lowering efficiency. Family hog raising factories have to survive and maintain business by investing with their own capital,expanding markets so that the money can flow back. This mode is more flexible and effective. It boosts sales and eventually help shape a benign path of development-salespulled production. The existing studies have taken a quantitative approach to the problem of resources misallocation while the study here employs a qualitative approach. There is a logic start for the occurrence of resources misallocation(the mismatch between resources available and sales capacities) and intermediate links between resources misallocation and low output rate(sales dropping while manufacturing bases get enlarged),the two affecting each other in a negative way.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——From the logic perspective of resources misallocation, markets should play a fundamental role in resource distribution. Rent-seeking activities for government subsidies,businesses in lack of marketing capacities should not be encouraged in the first place for the nurturing of self-resilient business entities. Sales platforms and technical services need to be provided to enhance those competitive family business(enterprises). Seen from the degenerating process of resources misallocation,the negative feedback between resources misallocation and low output rate should be avoided,and market awareness must be built in developing forest-based economies. Decisions over the preliminary type of manufacturing bases should be made under the direction of market demands; tailor the construction structure and sizes to the market situations in case of blind infrastructure expansion disregarding sales reality. Sluggish business entities based on forests should make reasonable cuts in sizes and employment to concentrate investment and human resources on marketing and sales,boosting production through sales,and consider expanding manufacturing bases only after cash reflow.