江西林药精准扶贫发展现状、存在问题和对策建议——以赣州9个贫困县区为例

Study on the Present Situation,the Problems and the Targeted Measures in Poverty Alleviation on Forest Medicines in Jiangxi Province:Taking 9 Poverty Counties in Ganzhou City as Examples

对江西赣州集中连片的9个贫困县区的林药发展现状展开调研,在精准扶贫的背景下分析江西林药的生产要素、主要经营模式、产业结构特点及其存在问题,探讨支撑江西林药发展的精准扶贫对策建议。结果表明:赣州9个贫困县区系野生药材资源富集区,林药规模生产特征初现,但未见第一产业主导优势经济集群效应,产业结构和生产要素组成待优化完善,林药与精准扶贫的发展挑战与机遇并存。为此,赣州9个贫困县区应依托丰富的中药资源,发挥第二产业优势,通过加强对产业结构的调整,培育各具特色的优势主业,建立良好的产业体系,助推第一产业健康发展,以较好地支撑江西林药种植的精准扶贫。

⑴ Background——Planting forest medicines is regarded as an win-win model of economic development,social development and resource protection. In the current reports,there are few studies on forest medicines,Chinese medicine planting industry,the cooperation models and the targeted measures in poverty alleviation.And most of the studies focused on forest medicines making the forest workers and farmers rich in the current situation,discussed the existing problems,etc. But just a small amount of those involved in the combination of planting forest medicines and targeted measures in poverty alleviation. Therefore,it is necessary for an in-depth analysis of this cooperation model.⑵ Methods——Based on methods of the field investigation,the market research and the statistical data collection,the study investigated the cultivation enterprises,the professional cooperatives and the big planting farmers,as well as some typical planting experts in 9 contiguous poverty counties in Ganzhou city. And the main data were from the statistical yearbook of Ganzhou,statistical yearbook of related industries from 2014 to 2016.This paper studied the current status,components of the production to the targeted measures in poverty alleviation,the main patterns of management, characteristics and existing problems of industrial structure, meanwhile,further analyzed to explore the targeted measures in poverty alleviation.⑶ Results——The 9 poverty counties are rich of wild medicinal resources. In 2016,these counties owned the number of more than 40 thousand employees and the value of 57 million 390 thousand yuan,which had 4 enterprises,7 professional cooperatives and some sporadic retails,and a total planting area of 1050. 1 hectares.The proportion of the three industrial structure was 1: 100. 26: 2. 88,these indicated that there owned 3 main features: the advantages of primary industry was not obvious,Chinese medicine industry was dominated in the secondary industry,but the tertiary industry lagged behind. The above results showed that forest medicines had been in the low industrial scale and in the irrational industrial structure with incompletely productive factors.Then planting forest medicines got less economic benefits accounted for the proportion of local GDP and its effects on poverty alleviation were not obviously. In a word,the scale production of forest medicines have been at the initial stage,and there are still no dominant economic cluster effects in the above studied areas. The development opportunities of the cooperation model have just been encountered a series of challenges because of 4 major constraints,8 aspects and 5 major causes of the constraints from industrial system.⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——In summary,based on the rich resources in wild forest medicines and the advantages of the secondary industry,this paper put forward a series of countermeasures for the cooperation model. It is suggested that the poverty counties should strengthen the guidance of the adjustment to the industrial structure,foster distinctive advantages,build a sound industrial system and gather production factors,so that the cooperation model would strengthen the development of the primary industry in forest medicines,then get targeted measures in poverty alleviation in Jiangxi province.