山东茶园土壤高活性解钾细菌的筛选鉴定及肥效研究

Screening, Identification and Fertilizer Efficiency of Potassium Bacterium from the Soils of Tea Garden in Shandong

为了筛选到适合山东茶园土壤环境的解钾菌株,以提高土壤钾素的高效转化效率,本研究经过菌株富集、分离、纯化等步骤,从山东茶园土壤中分离出9株解钾细菌。通过有效钾含量比较和菌株分类,筛选出1株活性最强菌株K2,经鉴定K2菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。发酵试验表明,菌株K2最适宜生长的条件为pH值6.0,温度35℃,以麦芽糖、淀粉、玉米粉为碳源,酵母膏为氮源。施用该菌剂后土壤速效钾和速效磷含量比对照最大分别提高28.40%和28.49%。茶叶产量最大提高36.30%,同时茶叶中氨基酸含量显著增加,酚氨比值降低,有利于茶叶品质的提升。菌株K2可能是一株茶园土壤高效解钾细菌,可作为后续进一步研究茶园专用微生物菌剂的参考。

The potassium bacterium suitable for soil environment in Shandong tea garden was screened to improve the transformation efficiency of soil potassium. By the experimental procedure of enrichment culture and microbial purification, 9 potassium bacterium strains were obtained from the soil of tea garden in Shandong Province. According to the activity comparison and taxonomy of strains, a strain with the highest activity was selected. The strain K2 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Meanwhile, the effects of growth environment of the strains were measured. The results showed that the optimum p H and temperature for K2 were 6.0 and 35 ℃. It was suitable for K2 to ferment with maltose, starch and corn flour as the carbon source, and with yeast extract as the nitrogen source. After applying the bacteria agent, the content s of available potassium and phosphorus in tea garden soil increased by 28.40% and 28.49% respectively. Meanwhile the tea yield increased by 36.30%. The amino acid contents in tea were also significantly increased, and the polyphenols/amino acids decreased, which benefit tea quality. The K2 may be a high efficient potassium bacterium in tea garden soil, which can be used as a reference for further research on special microbial inoculum in tea garden.