生存教育学派的人类学视角

The Anthropological Perspective of the School of Survival Education

有关教育的起源,学界早已提出"摹仿起源论""宗教起源论""劳动起源论"等几种不同的观点。生存教育学派认为,教育乃是出于生存的需要。我们称之为"生存起源论"。生存起源论并不完全等同于生物起源论,后者认为教育既是人类社会现象,也是动物社会现象。生存教育学派虽不同于生物起源论,但也并不因其坚持动物社会也有教育现象而对之报以讥讽的态度。生存教育学派并不赞成以人类中心主义的态度对待人与动物的差别。生存教育学更愿意延续中国传统文化所坚守的信条:万物同源,天人合一。

Some theories about the origin of education have been presented, such as the theory of imitation-origin, the theory of religions-origin, the theory of labor origin, and so on. The school of survival education accepts the theory of origin of existence which insists that education comes from the needs of survival. The theory of origin of existence is not entirely equal to the theory of biological origin which insists that education exists in the world of the animal. However, the school of survival education appreciates the theory of biological origin. And it does not approve of the difference between human and animal in the attitude of anthropocentrism. The school of survival education is more willing to continue the tenets of Chinese traditional culture of the homology of all things and believes that man is an integral part of nature.