唯物史观“个性”价值与西方个人主义双重传统

The Individual Value of Historical Materialism and the Two Traditions of Western Individualism

西方个人主义具有双重传统:西方古典个人主义从人直面真理出发,却因现实社会的限制,转向"出世"个人;西方近代个人主义切断了人与真理的直接联系,因而转向"入世"个人。历史唯物主义以辩证的方式将两个传统结合在一起,从而将历史区分为"人类史前史"和"真正的人类历史"两个阶段。前者以近代个人主义中"单子式"入世个人为分析的基础。后者则是以古典个人主义中自由探索真理的个人为基础,致力于建构人类"个性"价值得以自由发展的理想社会。

Western individualism has two traditions. Individualism of classical times believes that individual can face the truth directly. But those Individuals should be a "Renouncing Individual", because others can't understand them. Individualism of modern times cut off the direct connection between individual and truth, so individuals should be a ‘Naturalizing Individual'. Historical materialism combines the two traditions dialectically. In the period of "Human Prehistory", all analysis is based on the conception of "Monad Naturalizing Individual" which comes from Individualism of modern times. In the period of "Real Human History", all human beings, like the individuals who had been described in individualism of classical times,will explore the truth freely and individually.