后结构主义与实践哲学之间的张力和对话

The Dialogic Tension between Post-Structuralism and Practical Philosophy

后结构主义是西方20世纪下半叶最重要的哲学思潮,其核心观点可以用德里达的"文本之外无一物"来表达。这种将符指活动封闭于符号或文本之内的做法好似作茧自缚,杰姆逊称之为"语言的牢笼"。如何突破这个"语言的牢笼",伊格尔顿诉诸马克思主义的"实践"概念。这虽然原则上没有问题,但仔细推敲起来,仍觉不完全奏效,因为"实践"是自由自觉的、有意识的人类生命活动,显然包含着观念、理性和语言的因素,这也就是说,在"实践"内部仍然存在着"实践"原本需要克服的东西。

As the most influential philosophical trend in the late part of the 20th century, post-structuralism can be summarized into Derrida's dictum "There is nothing beyond the text", according to which all signifying practices are nothing but linguistic self-references, with no relation to the outside world. Fredric Jameson considered it a "Prison House of Language". How are we able to break through the house? A Marxist conception of praxis has been highly recommended by Terry Eagleton among many other critics. However,the praxis does not help so much as expected, because it is by nature a free, conscious activity of human beings, pre-structured with idea, reason and language. That is to say, there remains something linguistic yet to be overcome by the praxis as it intends to do in the very beginning.