唐山市高龄老年人家庭支持现状及其影响因素分析

Status and Influencing Factors of Family Support among the Elderly in Tangshan City

目的:了解唐山市高龄老年人家庭支持现状,并对其影响因素进行探讨,为今后相关应对措施的采取奠定理论基础。方法:于2016年7月-2017年1月采用入户调查,选取河北省唐山市10个社区卫生服务中心辖区居民中的≥75岁老年人,进行家庭支持量表(PSS-Fa)、健康调查量表(SF-36)、孤独量表(UCLA Loneliness Scale)和衰弱综合评估工具(CFAI)评测。结果:3 448名高龄老年人中,低水平家庭支持者2 298人(66.65%),高水平家庭支持者1 150人(33.35%);其中能够获得配偶全力支持者1716人(49.77%)、子女全力支持者2443人(70.85%)、兄弟姐妹全力支持者651人(18.88%)、其他家庭成员全力支持者402人(11.66%)。Logistic回归分析显示,活动受限少,OR=1.829(1.357~1.837);孤独感程度高,OR=1.475(0.509~1.902);医疗负担重,OR=2.279(1.491~3.482)是高龄老年人家庭支持的危险因素;文化程度高,OR=0.697(0.470~0.823);衰弱程度轻,OR=0.589(0.452~0.767);与子女关系和睦,OR=0.349(0.234~0.522);主观幸福感强OR=0.202(0.047~0.869);在家人心中重要OR=0.699(0.581~0.842);健康状况(SF36评分)好OR=0.800(0.662~0.967)是高龄老人家庭支持的保护因素是高龄老人家庭支持的保护因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高龄老年人家庭支持状况较差,形势堪忧,其影响因素复杂,应引起家庭和社会各界的重视,采取有效措施,实现健康老龄化。

Objective To understand the status quo of family support of the elderly in Tangshan City, to explore the influen- cing factors, and to lay a theoretical foundation for the future relevant measures. Methods From July 2016 to January 2017, 10 community health service centers of Hebei province Tangshan city area were selected, and the household survey methods of family support scale （Perceived Social Support from Family Scale, PSS -Fa） , health survey scale （SF -36）, Loneliness Scale （UCLA Loneliness Scale） and weak comprehensive assessment tool （CFAI） were used to evaluate them. Results There were 2298 people （66. 65% ） with low level of family supporters, and 1150 people （33.35%） with the high level of family supporters in 3448 eld- erly people. Among them, 1716 were able to obtain full support from spouse （49. 77% ） , 2443 were able to obtain full support from children（70. 85% ）, 651 were able to obtain full support from brothers and sisters（ 18.88% ）, 402 were able to obtain full support from other family members（ 11.66% ）. Logistic regression analysis showed that the activities of limited small OR = 1. 829 （ 1. 357 - 1. 837） ; the high degree of loneliness, OR = 1. 475 （0. 509 - 1. 902） ; medical burden, OR =2. 279 （ 1. 491 -3.482） are the risk factors of elderly family support; a high degree of education, OR = 0. 697 （0. 470 -0. 823 ） ; slight frailty, OR = 0. 589（0. 452-0. 767）and the harmony relationship with children; OR =0. 349 （0. 234-0. 522）; a strong sense of subjective well -being OR =0. 202 （0. 047 -0. 869） ; important to the family OR =0. 699 （0. 581 -0. 842） ; health status （SF36 score） OR = 0. 800 （0. 662 -0. 967 ） are protective factors for the elderly family support, the difference was statistically significant （P 〈0. 05 ）. Conclusion The family support of the elderly is poor, the situation is worrying, and the influencing factors are complex. Family and social attention should be taken and effective measures should be taken to achieve healthy aging.