Gettier问题与认知价值

The Gettier Problem and Epistemic Value

传统观点认为,知识是有好的理由支持的真信念(justified true belief,简称为JTB)。Gettier论证说,JTB不是知识的充分条件。如果Gettier的论证是成功的,而知识是可分析的,并且JTB是知识的必要条件,那么知识的正确定义就是JTB加上另一个条件。这个条件被称为"Gettier条件"。寻找Gettier条件,就是所谓的"Gettier问题"。最近一些哲学家指出,对Gettier问题的正确解决,必须尊重我们关于价值的一个直觉:知识比相应的单纯真信念(mere true belief)更有认知价值。但分析表明,Gettier问题内部也有一个价值预设:知识比相应的单纯JTB更有认知价值,否则Gettier问题就是不重要的。就Sosa对Gettier问题的解决而言,这个价值预设是个挑战。

This paper argues that if the Gettier Problem is genuine and significant,then it involves a value problem： why is knowledge more valuable than justified true belief？ If an attempted solution to the Gettier Problem is worth having,it should help us explain why knowledge is more valuable than mere justified true belief. In light of this criterion,some attempted solutions to the Gettier Problem（ e. g.,Ernest Sosa＇s solution） are not successful since they make it difficult to see why knowledge is more valuable than justified true belief.