科学与艺术——贡布里希《各类艺术中的实验和经验》的理论启示

Science and Art: Theoretical Inspiration in Gombrich's“Experiment and Experience in the Arts”

贡布里希(E.H.Gombrich)是西方伟大的艺术史家,他的研究主要集中于图像学、图画再现的知觉心理学以及图案知觉,他的著述不是简单地罗列文化现象,而是充满着智慧的论点,通过这些思想性的论点将文化的磁石凝聚起来。他的研究方法多样丰富,研究什么样的具体问题决定了采用的方法。贡式对于艺术与科学的关系有其独特的看法,他认为艺术创作也能被看作是一个实验,艺术与科学在实验目的、实验过程,以及实验成果需要面对的市场考验上极为相似,甚至在某种情况下艺术与科学的领域是重合的,这个论点打破了以往人们对于艺术的认知。艺术与科学如此紧密的联系证明了贡布里希所说的"知识整体"的存在,即所有领域的知识都是聚合状的整体,形成了我们的文化地图。虽然它们融合为一却又各自有其特色与个性特质。

E. H. Gombrich is the great Western art historian. His research has focused on the image, the psychology of percep- tion in picture reproduction and pattern perception. His works are not simply a list of cultural phenomena, hut full of arguments of wisdom, through which the magnets of culture are connected. His research methods are diverse, and the specific problems to be studied determine the method adopted. Gombrich has his own unique view on the relationship between art and science. He believes that art can also be regarded as an experiment, as there is great similarity, and even coincidence in some eases between them in experimental purpose, experimental process, and experimental results that need to face the test of the market. This argument breaks people＇s knowledge of art. The close relationship between art and science proves the existence of ＂knowledge as a whole＂ by Gombrieh. That is, knowledge in all fields is aggregated, forming our cultural map. Although they are integrated into one, they have their own characteristics and personality traits. This article discusses Gombrich＇s view on the relationship between art and science, and states the author＇s thinking about it as well.