煤矿硫化氢防治技术研究进展

Research progress of prevention and control technology of hydrogen sulfide in coal mines

煤矿H_2S气体异常富集而导致的突然涌出和伤亡事故越来越频繁。根据H_2S在煤矿中的分布特征、赋存形式和涌出形态,综述了含煤岩层、巷道风流中和地下水体中的H_2S防治技术。目前使用的H_2S防治技术主要有煤层施钻高压注碱中和、巷道碱液喷洒、加大风量稀释、改变通风方式、抽排、疏堵及综合治理等方法;采用的碱性药剂主要是质量百分比浓度为0.5%～3.0%的碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠溶液等;部分碱性溶液中添加有表面活性剂、芬顿试剂、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、次氯酸纳或氯胺-T等。分析了各类防治技术的治理效果及存在的主要问题,提出了一种新型的煤矿H_2S综合防治技术方案。各矿井应根据H_2S在煤岩层中的赋存、分布情况和涌出形态,依据目前技术水平,结合H_2S防治成本进行有效治理。

Sudden emissions and casualty accidents caused by abnormal enrichment of hydrogen sulfide in coal mines are becoming more and more frequent. This paper reviews the existing prevention and control technologies of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） in coal mines at home and abroad. According to the distribution characterictics, the occurrence modes and the emission forms of H2S in coal mines, the prevention and control technologies of H2S in coal-bearing strata, and the airflow in tunnel and underground water body have special features. The methods used include the neutralization by injecting alkalizer through drilling in coal seams with high pressure, spraying alkalizer in tunnel, the attenuation by increasing the wind amount, changing the ventilation method, pumping, dredging and blocking the water that contains H^S as well as the comprehensive prevention and control methods. The basic agent adopted includes the sodium carbonate （with the mass percentage concentration of about 0.5%~3.0%）, the sodium bicarbonate solution and some basic solution with some additives, such as the Surfactant, the Fenton reagent, the Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, the Sodium hypochlorite or the Chloramine-T. The performance and the main problems of each prevention and control technology are analysed and a comprehensive method of prevention and control of H2S in coal mines is proposed. According to the current technological level as well as the cost, for the effective prevention and control of H2S, the occurrence, the distribution and the emission forms of H2S in coal mines as well as its content should be taken into consideration.