公共美德与“四风”治理

Public Virtue and Redressing “Four Ill-Working-Ethos”

任何工作作风都以相应的道德基础作为前提,因此可以从行政伦理的角度理解"四风"的形成及其治理。形式主义建立在党政组织体系内部的相互"欺瞒"上,官僚主义建立在公职人员与服务对象之间的"统治"思维上,享乐主义建立在物质与精神关系上的"物欲"追求上,奢靡之风则建立在对公共财物的"挥霍"习性上。针对"四风"赖以生存的道德基础,可以通过提升公职人员的公共美德来加以治理,包括发展以"科学"态度为基础的实事求是的工作作风,以"服务"意识为基础的人民至上的工作作风,以"慎独"精神为基础的严格自律的工作作风,以及以"节俭"思维为基础的廉洁高效的工作作风。美德教育、榜样感化和个人道德实践是提升公共美德的有效途径。

Any working-ethos must have certain morel basis, which enables us to analyze the formation and solution of ＂four ill-working-ethos＂ （si feng） from the perspective of administrative ethics. According to this perspective, formalism （xingshi Zhuyi） is based on the mutual ＂dishonest＂ between officials and governments within governmental system, bureaucratism （guanliao Zhuyi） on the thoughts of ＂rule＂, hedonism （xiangle zhuyi） on the desire of ＂materials＂, and extravagance （shemi Zhifeng） on the habit of ＂squander＂ of public wealth. Aiming at these ＂ill-working-ethos＂, we can counter them by means of promoting public virtues of public servants, including developing the ＂scientific＂ attitude to form a practical and realistic working-ethos, the ＂service＂ attitude to form a people-centered working-ethos, the ＂self-reflection＂ attitude to form a self-discipline working-ethos, and the ＂frugal＂ attitude to form an honesty and high efficiency working-ethos. There are several approaches to cultivate these public virtues, including systematic education, influence of good examples and moral practices.