2Shanmuganathan K, Mirvis SE, Chiu WC. Penetrating torso trauma:triple-contrast helical CT in peritoneal violation and organ injury. A prospective study in 200 patients[J].Radiology, 2004, 231 (3) :775-784.
3Moore EE, Cogbill TH, Jurkovich GJ, et al. Organ injury scaling: spleen and liver( 1994 revision) [ J]. J Trauma, 1995, 38(3) :323-324.
4Nural MS, Yardan T, Guven H, et al. Diagnostic value of ultraso nography in the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma [ J ]. Diagn Interv Radio1,2005,11 ( 1 ) :41-44.
5Jansen JO, Yule SR, Loudon MA. Investigation of blunt abdominal trauma[ J]. BMJ,2008,336 (7650) :938-942.
6Delgado Millan MA, Deballon PO. Computed tomography, angiography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the nonoperative management of hepatic and spenic trauma [ J ]. World J Surg,2001,25 ( 11 ) : 1397-1402.