光纤传感中的受激布里渊散射效应

Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Optical Fiber Sensing Systems

受激布里渊散射(stimulated Brillouin scattering,SBS)作为光纤中重要的非线性效应,对光纤传感系统有重要影响.在远程干涉型传感系统中,SBS增加系统相位噪声,导致传感系统探测灵敏度降低,因此研究其抑制技术十分必要.此外,SBS也是一种重要的传感手段,可用来实现分布式温度或应变测量,因而基于SBS的分布式传感技术受到广泛关注.因为基于SBS的超窄线宽激光器具有独特的性能,所以在相干传感系统中的应用前景较好.该文阐述了SBS对干涉型传感系统的影响,分析对比几种SBS抑制技术,介绍了布里渊光时域分析计的主要指标及几种提高系统性能的技术,最后介绍了超窄线宽布里渊掺铒光纤激光器的研究现状.

As an important nonlinear effect in fibers, stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） has significant influence on fiber sensing systems. SBS increases phase noise and deteri- orates detection sensitivity in a long-haul interferometric sensing system, therefore it is critical to study SBS suppression techniques. On the other hand, SBS can be used in dis- tributed sensing of temperature and strain. Distributed sensing techniques based on SBS have attracted much research attention. Meanwhile, lasers with ultra-narrow linewidth based on SBS have wide applications in coherent sensing systems due to their unique char- acteristics. This paper explains the effects of SBS on interferometric sensing systems, and compares some SBS suppression techniques. Major performance criteria of a Brillouin time domain analyzer and several techniques for improvements are introduced. Finally, the development history and present situation of the ultra-narrow linewidth Brillouin/erbium fiber lasers are presented.