倾斜光纤光栅传感器

Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

倾斜光纤光栅是一种光栅条纹与光纤法线存在一定角度的特殊光纤光栅.由于光栅倾角的引入,前向传导的入射光被有效激发至后向传导的包层模,并保留满足布拉格条件的后向传导纤芯模.经过各种新颖的结构设计、物理组合及生物化学材料修饰,倾斜光纤光栅可实现多种物理、机械、电磁、生物、医学、化学传感量的高精度检测,成为"光纤上的实验室"(lab-on-fiber)的重要组成和关键器件.该文系统介绍了倾斜光纤光栅的制作方法、模式耦合理论、传感机理与特性(特别是表面等离子共振技术)及近年发展起来的各种传感应用实例,包括机械类传感如弯曲、振动、位移等;电磁类传感如电场、磁场等;生物类传感如细胞、蛋白、血糖;化学类传感如气体、电活性微生物等.随着各种新功能材料和纳米加工技术的快速发展,基于倾斜光纤光栅的交叉学科研究快速发展,为进一步提高光纤传感器测量精度、拓展测量对象提供了重要支撑和广阔的发展空间.

By inducing a tilted angle between the grating and the normal direction of optical fibers, tilted fiber Bragg grating （TFBG） provides an effective means to lead the forward-propagating input light to the backward-propagating cladding modes and the core mode. Taking advantage of novel configurations and functional material coating, TFBG can be used as a powerful lab-on-fiber component for various measurements of mechanical, electrical, magnetic, biological, medical, and chemical parameters. In this paper, we present a brief review of TFBG sensing technology, including TFBG fabrication, mode couplingtheory, sensing principle properties （especially the surface plasmon sensing technology）. Recent progresses in various applications are discussed. These applications include me- chanical sensing （bending, vibration, micro-displacement）, electromagnetic sensing （elec- tric field, magnetic field）, biological sensing （cell density, protein, glucose） and chemical sensing （gas, electroactive microbe）. Thanks to the multidisciplinary cooperation, espe- cially the great progress of functional materials and nanotechnologies, the future of TFBG is promising in advanced nnd practical sensing.