云南某花岗伟晶岩型钽铌矿工艺矿物学研究及可选性分析

Process Mineralogy and Washability Analysis of a Granite Pegmatite Type Tantalum-Niobium Ore from Yunnan

通过采用荧光光谱、X-射线衍射、光学显微镜、人工重砂以及电子探针等分析手段,对云南某花岗伟晶岩型钽铌矿的物质组成、结构构造、矿物嵌布特征以及有价金属元素钽、铌和铷的赋存状态进行了详细研究.结果表明,矿石中矿物嵌布关系复杂,矿石主要由石英、钾长石、钠长石及云母组成,四者的含量合计约占矿石的89.77%,该矿钽、铌主要赋存在钽铌铁矿和铌钇矿中,白云母是铷的主要载体矿物.钽铌矿物的嵌布粒度普遍较细,钽铌铁矿粒度一般为0.05~0.3 mm;铌钇矿粒度一般为0.01~0.02 mm.Ta_2O_5、Nb_2O_5和Rb_2O的集中系数为68.12%、66.29%和63.23%,根据工艺矿物研究,采用重选、磁选、浮选和化学选矿联合的阶段磨矿阶段选别流程可以实现有价金属元素钽、铌、铷的回收,矿石中长石和石英可以综合回收利用.

This paper studies the mineral composition,structure,mineral dissemination characteristics and the occurrence state of valuable metal elements,such as niobium,tantalum of a Yunnan granite pegmatite type tantalum-niobium ore by fluorescence spectra methods,X-ray diffraction analysis,optical microscopy,heavy sand concentration as well as electron microprobe and other analytical methods. The results show that the disseminated relationships in the ore are complex,and the ore is mainly made up of quartz,feldspar,sodium feldspar and mica,which account for about 89. 77% of the ore. Tantalum and niobium are deposited in tantalum-niobium iron ore and yttrium niobium ore,while rubidium is in the muscovite. Tantalum and niobium minerals are finely disseminated,the particle size of niobium and tantalum are mainly ranged from 0. 05 to 0. 3 mm and yttrium niobium ore ranged from 0. 01 to 0. 02 mm.The concentrate factors of Ta_2O_5,Nb_2O_5 and Rb_2O are 68. 12%,66. 29% and 63. 23%,respectively. Based on the study on technological mineralogy,the valuable metallic elements of tantalum,niobium and rubidium can be recycled by gravity separation,magnetic separation,flotation and chemical processing,with the procession of stage grinding and stage separation; the feldspar and quartz can also be recycled comprehensively.