庆阳市无偿献血者HBV筛查及其阳性人群特征分析

Screening of HBV and Positive Population Distribution Characteristics of Voluntary Blood Donors in Qingyang

目的:研究和分析庆阳市无偿献血者HBV检测中酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)与核酸检测(NAT)的应用及HBV阳性人群的特征。方法:对庆阳市2013年1月-2016年12月70 659人份无偿献血者HBV检测应用ELISA与NAT相结合的方法,采用χ~2检验和Fisher's Exact检验方法作统计学分析。结果:70659人份献血标本中,HBV ELISA检测阳性率为0.47%;针对ELISA检测阴性的NAT样本47 913人份中HBV NAT检测阳性率为0.05%,且ELISA阴性而NAT阳性的样本数量呈逐年递增的趋势。阳性人群的特征统计分析显示,主要年龄分布段为26-45岁,且近2年来与18-25年龄段的差异性逐渐减少,阳性人群趋向年轻化;血型分布以B型>O型>A型>AB型;性别分布中男性>女性,且随着女性无偿献血者HBV阳性人数增多,男女分布差异性呈逐年缩小趋势;婚姻状况集中在已婚人群中;区域分布主要集中在西峰区,职业集中在无业人员;民族分布中汉族>其它少数民族。结论:庆阳市无偿献血者HBV检测中应用ELISA与NAT相结合,能防止漏检及隐匿性乙肝,减少潜在输血风险;对HBV阳性人群的特征分析为庆阳市安全用血及输血提供了实用的依据。

Objective： To study and analyse the application of ELISA and nucleic acid test（ NAT） to HBV detection of voluntary blood donors in Qingyang city and the characteristics and social attributes of HBV positive population. Methods： The HBV of 70 659 blood donors in Qingyang city from January 2013 to December 2016 was detected by using ELISA and NAT,and the statistical analysis of results was performed by means of X^2 detection and FIsher＇s Exact test. Results： The HBV positive rate detected by ELISA was 0. 47% in 70 659 blood samples,and the HBV positive rate detected by NAT was 0. 05% in 47 913 HBV negative samples detected by ELISA,moreover,the number of HBV negative by ELISA detection yet HBV positive by NAT detection increased year by year. The statistical analysis of positive population characteristics showed that the age distoibution was mainly between 26-45 years old,however the difference of detected rate between 26-45 years old and 18-25 years old gradually decreased on near 2 years,showing that the positive population tended to be younger. The distribution of blood type was B 〉O〉 A 〉AB,while the sex distribution was male 〉female,but this difference showed gradually nairowing trend due to increment of female voluntary donors with HBV positive; for marital status,HBV positive concentrated in married population. The regional distribution of HBV positive mainly concentrated in Xifeng region,mainly in jobless population; the HBV positive comparison betwwen anationalities showed Han natienatity was〉 minoring nationalitie. Conclusion： The application of ELISA combined with NAT for the HBV screaning of blood voluntary donors in Qiangyang city can prevent the detection failed and occult HBV,and reduce the potential risk of blood transfution. The characteristis analysis of HBV positive population provides practical basis for the safe use and transfution of blood.