微柱凝胶结合血清学技术对ABO血型抗原极度减弱标本的筛选和鉴定

Screening and identification of ABO blood group antigens by microcolumn gel and serological techniques

目的探讨微柱凝胶法联合血清学技术在疾病及其亚型所引起的ABO血型抗原极度减弱标本鉴定中的应用。方法首先对100例患者及54名献血者进行抗原性效价及抗体效价的测定,然后采用微柱凝胶法和试管法测定其中4例ABO血型抗原极度减弱的患者,并将两种检测方法所得的试验结果进行对比。结果在100例患者中,有28例ABO血型抗原减弱患者,占患者总数的28%,其中白血病患者占43.3%(26/60),其他疾病患者占5.0%(2/40),在54例献血者中,血型抗原减弱患者占3.7%(2/54),患者的血型抗原减弱性显著高于献血者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。和传统的试管法相比,微柱凝胶法检测灵敏度高、测定结果更准确,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论微柱凝胶法适合检测ABO血型抗原极度减弱患者的血型,在临床上具有很高的应用价值。

Objective To discuss the application of micro column gel method combined with serological techniques in identification of ABO blood type among the specimens with extreme weak antigen expression caused by disease or some subtypes. Methods 100 cases of patients and 54 cases of blood donors were given the antigen titer and antibody titer determination;4 cases of patients with extreme low blood type antigen were determined by micro column gel method and test tube method,and the test results obtained from the two methods were compared. Results Among the 100 patients,28 patients with extreme low ABO blood antigen,accounting for 28% of the total patients;in which,43.3%（26/60）was leukemia patients and 5.0%（2/40）was other patients. Among the 54 blood donors,3% were extreme low ABO antigen（2/54）.The percentage of having extreme low ABO antigen among the patients was significantly higher than that of the blood donors（P0.05）. In addition,compared with the traditional test tube method,the microcolumn gel method had high sensitivity and the determination result was more accurate（P0.05）. Conclusion Micro column gel method is suitable for the detection of patients with ABO blood type antigen extreme weakened,and it has high application value in clinic.