2014-2016年深圳市福田区外环境H7N9禽流感病毒及职业人群监测

Surveillance analysis on environment and occupational population of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in Futian of Shenzhen during 2014-2016

目的了解深圳市福田区涉禽市场外环境中H7N9禽流感病毒的分布情况及职业暴露人群血清监测情况,为禽流感防控措施的制定提供科学依据。方法 2014年1月至2016年12月,在福田区采集涉禽外环境样本及职业人群血清,环境样本经PCR检测H7亚型核酸,血清进行血凝抑制试验(HI)以检测H7N9抗体水平。结果 1532份外环境标本阳性率为11.88%,2016年明显低于2014及2015年,第二季度为阳性高峰期,脱毛器、砧板刀具污染较重,生鲜上市政策后各部分阳性率都有所降低;290名职业人群抗体滴度≥1∶80者为55.7%,受污染的市场血清阳性率高于未受污染的。结论职业人群存在感染的高风险,外环境中存在H7亚型禽流感病毒污染,第二季度最高,不同部位阳性检出率不同。政策实施后污染程度降低,生鲜上市政策的持续开展具有必要性。

Objective To understand the infection status of the occupational exposure population and external environment of avian influenza A（H7N9） in Futian district poultry market and provide basis for the prevention and control measures. Methods From January 2014 to December 2016, serum of occupational population and environmental samples were collected from the poultry market in Futian district. The environmental samples were tested for H7 subtype nucleic acid by PCR and serum was detected for H7N9 antibody level by hemagglutination inhibition（HI）test. Results The positive rate of 1 532 samples was 11.88% with peak in the second quarter, which was significantly lower in 2016 than that in 2014 or 2015. Epilator, cutting board and tool were contaminated heavily by the virus. Positive rate of each part decreased after fresh listing policy. 55.7% of 290 the poultry workers had a titer ≥1∶80 and the sero-prevalence of the contaminated market were higher than that of the uncontaminated. Conclusion There was high risk of infection in occupational population, and external environment was contaminated with H7 avian influenza virus with highest positive detection rate in the second quarter and different positive rate in various sampling sites. The contamination level decreased after the implementation of fresh listing policy, indicating the necessity of the continuation of the policy.