强制阐释与本体批评范式——对新批评文本中心论的反思

Forced Interpretation and Ontological Criticism Paradigm——Reflections on the Text-centered Theory of New Criticism

文本中心是包括英美新批评在内的西方形式文论的基调,它以文学性为逻辑起点,以文学语言的细读为基本操作方法,创设出一系列影响深远的批评话语。但是,文本批评不等于文学批评,从这个意义上说,"文学是语言的艺术"这一看似"永恒"的真理却成为"强制阐释"症候群中对语言学过度依赖的"场外征用"。文本中心论所导致的唯文本阐释倾向,在割裂作者与文本的先在联系中丧失了意义阐释维度的丰富性。在呼应强制阐释论基础上重建另一种"本体阐释",除了还原文学世界的丰富多彩而外,还应包含反抗理论霸权的价值诉求。

Text centrality is the keynote of western formal literary theory including the New Criticism,which takes literariness as the logical beginning and literary language reading as the basic operation method. It has created a series of far-reaching critic discourses,however,text criticism is not equal to literary criticism. In this sense,the seemingly"eternal"truth that"literature is the art of language"has become the"extrinsic expropriation"of over-reliance on linguistics in the syndrome of"forced interpretation". The tendency of the text-only interpretation caused by text-centered theory loses the richness in meaning-interpretation dimension as cutting off the original connection between the author and the text. The reconstruction of"ontology interpretation"on the basis of opposing forced interpretation should not only be able to restore the rich and colorful literary world,but also contain the value of resisting theoretical hegemony.