从文本中心到理论中心——反对阐释、过度阐释与强制阐释的意义危机和范式转换

From “Text-centered” to “Theory-centered”——Meaning Crisis and Paradigm Transformation of Anti-interpretation,Over-interpretation and Coercive Interpretation

反对阐释、过度阐释和强制阐释均背离了传统阐释学语言与意义和谐对应的阐释模式,语言无法恰当地表达和揭示意义。其出现的根本原因和内在模式具有一致性,即阐释的意义出现了危机。具体来说,反对阐释否定意义;过度阐释无限衍义;而强制阐释则预设意义。这些意义危机的不同姿态在深层结构上也折射了不同的理论范式,即反对阐释是文本中心论,阐释沦为形式的暴力;过度阐释是读者中心论,阐释变成"意味"的暴力;而强制阐释则是理论中心论,阐释最终走向理论的暴力。

Anti-interpretation,over-interpretation and coercive interpretation deviate from the interpretation model of the traditional hermeneutics containing a harmonious correspondence between language and meaning,which is caused by the crises in the meaning of interpretation. Specifically,anti-interpretation negates meaning,over-interpretation derives meaning infinitely,while coercive interpretation presupposes meaning. The different attitudes of these meaning crises also reflect different theoretical paradigms in deep structures: anti-interpretation adopts text-centered theory in which interpretation descends to the violence of form; over-interpretation adopts reader-centered theory in which interpretation becomes the violence of significance; and coercive interpretation adopts theory-centered theory in which interpretation eventually leads to the violence of theory.