四川省包虫病流行区犬感染棘球绦虫规律性研究

Regularity of Canine Echinococcosis in Epidemic Areas in Sichuan

目的了解棘球蚴病传染源犬驱虫后再感染棘球绦虫的规律,探索犬驱虫的最佳时机,促进棘球蚴病防治工作的可持续开展。方法采用简单随机抽样的方法在石渠县随机抽取4个乡(镇),其中3个乡(镇)作为试验组在2015-03、2015-06、2015-08、2015-11以及2016-03进行家犬粪便收集并用吡喹酮驱虫,另外1个乡(镇)作为对照组按照试验组收集家犬粪便的时间收集粪便,并进行月月驱虫。同时在这4个乡(镇)收集野犬粪便。对收集的犬粪便用ELISA粪抗原检测法测定犬棘球绦虫感染状况。结果经Fisher确切概率检验法分析,家犬吡喹酮驱虫后每隔2月或3月家犬棘球绦虫感染率无上升趋势(P>0.05),月月驱虫与隔2月或3月驱虫家犬棘球绦虫感染率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),野犬棘球绦虫感染率相邻2次比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),2016年3月家犬与野犬棘球绦虫感染率比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.001),其他月份比较家犬与野犬棘球绦虫感染率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经过多年防治措施的实施,针对传染源犬采取的"犬犬投药、月月驱虫"的驱虫模式已取得突出成效,已将犬棘球绦虫感染率降低到较低水平,且可将"犬犬投药、月月驱虫"模式调整为"每隔2月或3月驱虫"模式,同时应加强对野犬的驱虫与管理。

Objective To investigate the regularity of re-infection in dogs after deworming so as to explore the best time to expel worms and to promote sustainability of echinococcosis prevention. Methods Four towns in Shiqu County were selected by simple random sampling method. Three of them were used as test groups,where faeces of dogs were collected and deworming was conducted using praziquantel in March 2015,June 2015,August 2015,November 2015 and March 2016. The other town was used as the control group,where deworming was conducted using praziquantel every month and the faeces were collected at the same time as the test groups. At the same time feces of wild dogs were collected in the four towns. The collected faeces were be assayed by ELISA to determine the infection status of canine echinococcosis. Results According to Fisher＇s exact probability test,there was no rise trend in infection rate of canine echinococcosis after deworming every two or three months（ P 〈0. 05）. The infection rates of canine echinococcosis were not statistically significantly different between control and test groups（ P〉0. 05）. The infection rates of echinococcus in wild dogs at every two adjacent test points were not statistically significantly different（ P〈0. 05）. The infection rates of canine echinococcosis were statistically significantly different between domestic dogs and wild dogs in March 2016（ P = 0. 001） but not in other months（ P〉0. 05）. Conclusion Following implementation of prevention and control measures for multiple years,the model of ＂administering drugs to each dog and expelling parasites each month ＂ has yielded remarkable results, the infection rate of canine echinococcosis has significantly decreased to low levels. The mode may be changed to＂expelling parasites every 2 or 3 months＂; at the same time,parasite control and management in wild dogs should be enhanced.