摘要
对江苏地区斑点叉尾鮰主要养殖区域环境的水、底泥及鱼体内的18种多氯联苯(PCBs,7种环境指示类、12种类二齅英类)及4种重金属(Pb、As、Cd、Hg)的污染状况进行了系统调查,并进行了生态与健康风险评估。结果表明:PCB28、PCB52和PCB114在环境与鱼体组织中均有较高的检出频率,但不同养殖区域PCBs的污染组成不同,表明污染来源有所不同;底泥中PCBs的含量为178.4~457.2 pg/g,远高于水体中的0.2~11.9 ng/L;PCBs在鱼肉中富集量较高,为1.28~267.96 pg/g,与该鱼种皮肉中较高的脂肪含量相关,而在肝脏和肠胃中的含量较低,分别为0.64~95.46 pg/g和1.20~45.94 pg/g。重金属在底泥中的含量最高,水体中较低;在鱼体内的平均含量依次为Pb〉As〉Cd〉Hg,鱼体各组织中重金属总含量依次为肝脏〉肠胃〉肉。鱼肉中二齅英类多氯联苯(DL-PCBs)的总毒性当量(TEQ)浓度为1.9 pg/g,低于欧盟规定的最大残留限量(MRL)值6.5 pg/g。利用美国环境保护署(EPA)的目标风险商(THQ)和风险系数(R)模型,通过比较每日摄入量和每日允许摄入量,对江苏地区斑点叉尾鮰的食用安全性进行了评估,结果表明:江苏省鮰鱼养殖体系中PCBs及4种重金属的致癌风险均为可接受。
In the study, presence, distribution of 18 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs), including 7 indicator PCBs, 12 dioxin-like PCBs(DL-PCBs), and 4 heavy metals(Pb, As, Cd, Hg) have been investigated in Ictalurus punctatus, sediment and water from Jiangsu fish farms; thereafter, risk assessment have been conducted for the ecological risk and human health. The results showed that PCB28,PCB52,PCB114 were the most frequently found pollutants in all collected fish, sediment and water samples. Upon to the different geographical location of fishery farms across Jiangsu Province,components of PCBs presented differently, which implied different pollution sources. The concentration of PCBs found in sediment(178.4-457.2 pg/g) was higher than that detected in water(0.2-11.9 ng/L).Higher concentrations of PCBs was also found in fish meat(1.28-267.96 pg/g), compared to that in fish liver(0.64-95.46 pg/g), and guts and stomach(1.20-45.94 pg/g). Higher content of fat in fish meat could be the possibility of higher enrichment of PCBs compared to the other tissues. Meanwhile, higher concentration of heavy metal was found in sediment than that in water. The total enrichment of heavy metal in fish was found to be PbAsCdHg in descend order. Total amount of heavy metals enriched in different tissues were found to be liver ﹥gastrointestinal systemmeat. All the DL-PCBs TEQ(1.9 pg/g) is less than the maximum residue limit(MRL) of EU(6.5 pg/g). THQ(US, EPA) and R model were employed for the risk assessment by comprising the estimated daily intake and the daily allowed intake. The results revealed that the carcinogenic risk of 18 kinds PCBs and 4 kinds heavy metals remained acceptable level in this study.
出处
《农药学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第1期90-99,共10页
Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science
基金
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(15)1013]
关键词
鮰鱼
多氯联苯
重金属
污染
水产养殖
风险评估
Ictalurus punctatus
polychlorinated biphenyls
heavy metal
pollution
aquaculture
riskassessment