故宫南大库出土黑地珐琅彩瓷的科学分析和工艺研究

Test and Process Research into The Piece of Enamel Painted Ceramic Shard with Black Background Unearthed in Nandaku of The Forbidden City

2014年故宫南大库考古遗址出土了一件被认为是瓷胎画珐琅的雍正黑地彩瓷残件,本文采用光学显微镜、X射线荧光光谱分析、显微拉曼和激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)等无损分析方法对该件彩瓷进行了分析。结果显示,通过LIBS测定的彩瓷表面的黑色彩料中含硼,符合前人研究中测试的珐琅料的化学组成特征;黑色彩料中的着色元素包括钴、铁和锰,黄色彩料含有的着色元素为锑和锡,红色彩料由金着色,绿色彩料由铜着色。本件珐琅彩瓷可能采用了受西方工艺影响的珐琅料与中国传统低温釉彩相结合的工艺。

The piece of enamel painted ceramic shard with black background unearthed in Nandaku of the Forbidden City in 2014 is judged to be the product of Yongzhen’s(雍正)period.The test of it with optical microscopy(OM),energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(EDXRF),confocal laser Raman microscopy(CLRM)and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)is followed by the conclusion:Firstly,the same as is mentioned in previous studies that there is boron found in the black glaze.Secondly,as far as the coloring pigments of the glazes are concerned,specifically,cobalt,iron and manganese are in black glaze;antimony and tin are in yellow glaze;gold is in red glaze and copper is in green glaze.It is likely that the mixture of western enamels and traditional Chinese low-temperature glazes are used in the production of this porcelain object.