人类学仪式理论视角下的射柳功能分析

Analysis on Functions of Shooting Willows under the Perspective of Anthropology Ceremony Theory

从人类学仪式理论的角度对射柳功能进行分析,认为射柳具有祭天、生存、娱乐、维护社会秩序、凝聚民族团结的功能,具体表现为:射柳在祭天仪式中是人类原始信仰的遗留;是北方少数民族生存的需要;是一项从贵族到平民的娱乐游戏;是统治阶级巩固礼制、维护政权、稳定社会秩序的手段;是女真部落无形的纽带。在民族传统体育文化传承的过程中,射柳具有提升文化自觉、提高民族认同、坚定文化自信的价值。

The paper analyzes functions of shooting willows from the perspective of anthropology ceremony theory. The functions are as follows： worshiping the god, survival, entertainment, maintaining the social order and intensifying national unity. Specifically, shooting willows at the ceremony of worshiping the god is inheritance of the human primitive belief; shooting willows is the need for survival of northern minorities, a kind of entertainment game from the aristocracy to civilians, the means which the ruling class consolidate ritual system, maintain the political power and stabilize the social order, the invisible bond for the Jurchen tribe. In the process of inheriting Chinese traditional sports culture, shooting willows can promote cultural awareness, enhance national identity and firm cultural self-confidence.