数字化测绘技术在私家园林中的应用研究

Research of the application of digital survey techniques in private garden

【目的】总结私家园林所适用的高效数字化测量方法和结果表达方式,为私家园林的传承研究和遗产保护提供参考。【方法】分析私家园林的特点、测绘内容和任务,对私家园林可运用的主要测量技术和结果表达方式进行比较,并以苏州遂园为例,通过地面三维激光扫描和无人机近景摄影测量技术,分别对测量对象进行地面和空中的扫描及拍摄,然后利用软件Cyclone对地面三维激光扫描所获点云数据进行拼接、去噪、纹理映射和剖切等处理,利用软件Pix4DMapper对无人机近景摄影所获影像进行拼接、点云加密和建模等处理,最后利用多款绘图软件对点云切片进行测绘图的实景化绘制和处理。【结果】提出私家园林适用的测绘方法和结果表达方式的具体类型、效果、特点及其制作方法,获得苏州遂园园内要素的三维点云模型、园林和建筑的平面和剖面等二维线画图、园林上部空间及周围环境的影像图和三维实景模型。【结论】目前私家园林较适用的测量方法主要包括三维激光扫描测量和近景摄影测量,具体测绘方法和表达方式的选择需综合考虑测绘要求和效果、工作效率及成本等因素,但地面三维激光扫描和无人机近景摄影测量的配合使用是一种获得园林空间和要素以进一步研究所需信息的高效测绘方法。

【Object】This study was aimed at developing efficient digital measurement methods and result expression for private gardens,and provides a basis for landscape research and protection of heritage private gardens.【Method】We analyzed the characteristics of private gardens,the contents and tasks involved in the survey and mapping,and compared the major measurement techniques and expression of results.With Sui Garden,Suzhou as an example,we conducted three-dimensional terrestrial laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry with unmanned aerial vehicle for its survey from ground and air.Then,we used Cyclone software to register,clean,color and section the point clouds generated by three-dimensional terrestrial laser scanning,and used Pix4 DMapper for joining,point cloud generation and three-dimensional reality-based modeling.Finally,we sketched and addressed the measured drawing based on point cloud sections using multiple software applications.【Result】This paper presents specific survey methods and the types,effects,characteristics and methods of drawing suitable for private gardens,as well as the three-dimensional point-cloud model of elements in the garden,two-dimensional line drawings of planes and sections for the garden and architecture,ortho-photograph maps,and three-dimensional reality-based models of the upper region of the garden and its surrounding.【Conclusion】The current measurement methods for private gardens mainly include three-dimensional laser scanning and closerange photogrammetry.The selection of methods for survey and expression should consider the requirements and effects of survey and mapping,work efficiency and cost.The combination of three-dimensional terrestrial laser scanning and closerange photogrammetry using unmanned aerial vehicles is a highly effective method to obtain information for further research on garden space and elements.