油茶熊蜂授粉试验初报

First trials to pollinate Camellia oleifera by using Bombus terrestris

【目的】利用从欧州引种、在中国繁殖生产的熊蜂,为几个品种的油茶进行授粉试验,探索熊蜂为油茶授粉的可行性和效果。【方法】在油茶花期试验地释放熊蜂,并给不同品种的油茶授粉。【结果】(1)熊蜂为油茶授粉后,不同品种之间坐果率差异较大,其中‘湘林210号’和‘长林4号’的坐果率和产量显著高于对照,而其他品种差异不显著;(2)熊蜂为油茶授粉的效果受蜂巢与树之间的方向影响较大,蜂巢东南方向的坐果率分别明显高于西北方向;在设置的范围内不同距离上熊蜂为‘湘林210号’和‘长林4号’授粉后坐果率大多差异不显著,仅‘湘林210号’在5 m处的坐果率显著高于30 m处的坐果率。(3)熊蜂为‘长林系’(多种长林品种混合)、‘湘林210号’和‘长林4号’油茶林授粉后,果实产量分别比对照显著提高72.39%、61.20%和28.39%。【结论】熊蜂不仅可以为油茶授粉,而且大幅度地提高了一些品种的坐果率和果实产量。

【Objective】Bumblebee（Bombus terrestris） is a commercial produced pollinator introduced from Europe.It is superior to honeybees in pollination as a pollinator.The trial for the first time in the world is to use bumblebee to pollinate several varieties of Camellia oleifera.The purpose is to explore the feasibility to use bumblebee in pollinating C.oleifera.【Method】The B.terrestris produced at home was used in the trial and hives were set up at the experimental forests during flower season.【Result】（1） The fruit setting rate and the production after pollination in the different varieties were different.The fruit setting rate and the production of ‘Xianglin 210 ＇and ‘Changlin 4 ＇were significantly higher than those of their controls,but those of the other 2 varieties（‘Changlin 166＇and‘Changlin 53＇） were not significantly different.（2）The C.oleifera varieties pollinated by the bumblebees were affected by the direction.The fruit setting rates of‘Xianglin 210＇and‘Changlin 4＇in the southeast were significantly higher than those in the northeast direction respectively.The differences of fruit setting rates in the designed area were not significant,only that of‘Xianglin 210＇in 5 m was significantly higher than that in 30 m.（3）The fruit setting rate and the production of the sample trees in the hive＇s southeast direction were significantly higher than those in the other directions.After the pollination the fruit productions of ‘Changlin＇series（the mixture of ‘Changlin＇variety）,the ‘Xianglin 210 ＇and ‘Changlin 4 ＇were 72.39%,61.20% and 28.39% significantly higher than those of the controls respectively.【Conclusion】The trial result indicate that the bumblebee not only can pollinate C.oleifera,but also substantially increased in the fruit setting rate and fruit production in certain varieties.